Just read this part (first paragraph) once, below you will understand in deep.

Imagine that the internet is like a vast highway system, and internet backbones are the main highways that connect major cities and towns. These highways (backbones) are essential for fast and efficient communication between different regions.

Example: (Note: Just read it once, you will get it below)

• Highway System (Internet): The internet is like a network of highways that allows data (traffic) to flow between various locations (websites, servers, computers, etc.).
• Main Highways (Internet Backbones): Internet backbones are like the main highways in this system. They are large, high-capacity data transmission lines made of fiber-optic cables that connect major cities and data centers worldwide.
• Data Transmission (Internet Traffic): Data, such as emails, web pages, videos, and more, travels along these main highways (backbones) to reach its destination quickly and efficiently.
• Regional Roads (Internet Service Providers - ISPs): The data leaves the internet backbone at certain points and enters the networks of Internet Service Providers (ISPs). These ISPs are like the regional roads that connect smaller towns and communities to the main highways. They serve as the gateways for users to access the internet.
• Local Streets (End Users): From the ISPs, the data is further distributed to end users (like you and your friend). These end users are like local streets where the data reaches its final destination.

📌Here's the explaination of the data transfer🗺️:

1. Your Laptop💻: You send data from your laptop.

2. Airtel Network (Airtel Tower - T)🗼: The data is transmitted wirelessly from your laptop using electromagnetic waves to the nearest Airtel tower (T). The tower serves as an access point for your laptop to connect to the Airtel cellular network.

3. Regional Area (Local Network - T -> T -> R -> R -> R): From the Airtel tower (T), the data may be transmitted wirelessly to the next nearby Airtel tower (T). This process can involve several tower-to-tower hops (T -> T) within the regional area, extending the coverage of the Airtel network (There can be n number of T's and R's).

4. Airtel Router (R): Once the data reaches the last tower in the regional area, it is handed off to an Airtel router (R). Airtel routers are typically located at central facilities, network exchanges, or data centers.

5. Internet Gateway (Airtel - R): From the Airtel router (R), the data is then forwarded to the Airtel internet gateway. The internet gateway serves as the connection point between Airtel's local network and the broader internet (main highway).(Regional Area of Airtel ISP ends here !!!.)`

6. Internet Backbone (Main Highway): After passing through Airtel's internet gateway, the data enters the internet backbone (main highway). It travels through high-capacity data transmission lines (e.g., fiber-optic cables) operated by various companies like Tata Communications, Google, Level 3 Communications, and others. These backbones form the core infrastructure of the global internet.

7. Internet Routers (Various Providers): As the data travels through the internet backbone(main highway), it encounters internet routers operated by various ISPs and network providers, including those mentioned above(like Tata Communications, Google, Level 3 Communications). These routers direct the data packets toward their intended destination, guiding them through the complex network of interconnected pathways.

8. Jio Network (Regional Area - Destination Area): As the data approaches its destination area (e.g., your friend's location served by Jio), it will leave the internet backbone and enter Jio's network (regional area). This transition involves routers and other network components to guide the data closer to its final destination.

9. Jio Tower (Jio Access Point)🗼: From the network, the data may be transmitted wirelessly through the air via Jio's tower, which acts as an access point for mobile devices to connect to the Jio network.

10. Your Friend's Laptop💻: Finally, the data reaches your friend's laptop, where it is received and processed by their computer or device, enabling them to read the email or interact with the data you sent.

Here's a demonstration of undersea Internet Backbone(main highway).In similar way, there are also Internet Backbone on land.

In summary, data📑 is transferred through electromagnetic waves between the towers (T) within the regional area. Once it reaches the last tower, it is then passed to an Airtel router (R) before being forwarded to the internet gateway and entering the main internet backbone. From there, it goes through a network of internet routers and eventually reaches the destination, your friend's laptop.
Until next time. Happy Learning😃 !!!.
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