Throttling or Rate limiting
Throttling is a mechanism used to limit the number of requests that can be made to certain routes or controllers within a specific time period. This is often used to prevent abuse or excessive usage of certain endpoints, APIs, or resources.

Service Providers
Service providers are the central place of all Laravel application bootstrapping. Your own application, as well as all of Laravel's core services, are bootstrapped via service providers.
mean by "bootstrapped"? In general, we mean registering things, including registering service container bindings, event listeners, middleware, and even routes. Service providers are the central place to configure your application.

Service container
The Laravel service container is a powerful tool for managing class dependencies and performing dependency injection.In the simplest way to understand service container, we can assume that it is a box that holds various components’ bindings, and they are served as needed throughout the application.

[NOTE:]
The service container is where your services are registered. Service providers provide services by adding them to the container.