Build a Basic CRUD App with Laravel 9 and React.js

What is React.js?

React is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on UI components. It is maintained by Meta and a community of individual developers and companies. React can be used as a base in the development of single-page or mobile applications.

Currently, ReactJS gaining quick popularity as the best JavaScript framework among web developers. It is playing an essential role in the front-end ecosystem.

Features of React

JSX (JavaScript Syntax Extension)
Virtual DOM
One-way data binding
Performance
Extensions
Conditional statements
Components
Simplicity

What is Laravel?

Laravel is an amazing web application framework that regularly tops the list of best PHP frameworks available today. This is partly because it's based on PHP which runs 80% of the web today and the learning curve is relatively small (despite it being packed with advanced features, you can understand the basic concepts easily). However, the real reason for its popularity is its robust ecosystem and abundance of high-quality learning resources available for free.

Laravel is configured with Vue and builds tools (based on webpack) out of the box so you can set up a development environment for building dynamic, single-page applications with little hassle. You are not limited to Vue though - you can also use Laravel as a backend that powers a frontend built in your preferred framework. Today I’ll show you how you can build a Laravel API and connect it to a React frontend.

A crud operation web application where you can Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Posts. Backend in Laravel PHP framework and Frontend in React JS framework.

In React.js you can create an interactive UI by combining the different components together. In this post, we are going to create a Reactjs CRUD application. For managing the data and database operations, we will be using RESTful APIs. You are already familiar with the term RESTful APIs. For the back-end, we will be using Laravel 9 with MySQL Database. The APIs make any application optimized and lightweight. Basically, in an API call, a request is handled in a different way. There are different types of request types. So, in this post, we will be covering both the frontend app using React.js and also will create the RESTful APIs in the Laravel 9. So, let’s start with the Reactjs crud example.

Start Basic CRUD App with Laravel 9 and React.js

The application we are going to build is a simple game interface for trivia quizzes. It allows you to register the players, generate new questions from a free API and mark the answers of the players as either right or wrong.

Here’s what the finished app will look like:

1. Install Laravel Project

First, open Terminal and run the following command to create a fresh Laravel project:

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel:^9.0 crud-react-laravel

or, if you have installed the Laravel Installer as a global composer dependency:

laravel new crud-react-laravel

2. Configure Database Details:

After, Installation Go to the project root directory, open the .env file, and set database detail as follow:

DB_CONNECTION=mysql 
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1 
DB_PORT=3306 
DB_DATABASE=<DATABASE NAME>
DB_USERNAME=<DATABASE USERNAME>
DB_PASSWORD=<DATABASE PASSWORD>

3. Create Migration, Model, and Controller

Create a Product model, migration, and controller. Run the following command for that:

php artisan make:model Category -mcr

-mcr this argument will create a Model, Migration, and Controller in Single Command.

Now, Open the migration file of the product from the database/migration and replace the code in the up () function:

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->bigIncrements('id');
        $table->string('title');
        $table->text('description');
        $table->text('image');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

Migrate the database using the following command:

php artisan migrate

Now, Open the Category.php model from app / Models and update the code into Product.php Model:

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Product extends Model {

   use HasFactory;

   protected $fillable = ['title', 'description', 'image'];
}

?>

Next, Open ProductController.php and add code in the index, store, show, update, and delete functions as a following:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
use Carbon\Carbon;

class ProductController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
        return Product::select('id','title','description','image')->get();
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'title'=>'required',
            'description'=>'required',
            'image'=>'required|image'
        ]);

        try{
            $imageName = Str::random().'.'.$request->image->getClientOriginalExtension();
            Storage::disk('public')->putFileAs('product/image', $request->image,$imageName);
            Product::create($request->post()+['image'=>$imageName]);

            return response()->json([
                'message'=>'Product Created Successfully!!'
            ]);
        }catch(\Exception $e){
            \Log::error($e->getMessage());
            return response()->json([
                'message'=>'Something goes wrong while creating a product!!'
            ],500);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  \App\Models\Product  $product
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show(Product $product)
    {
        return response()->json([
            'product'=>$product
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \App\Models\Product  $product
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, Product $product)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'title'=>'required',
            'description'=>'required',
            'image'=>'nullable'
        ]);

        try{

            $product->fill($request->post())->update();

            if($request->hasFile('image')){

                // remove old image
                if($product->image){
                    $exists = Storage::disk('public')->exists("product/image/{$product->image}");
                    if($exists){
                        Storage::disk('public')->delete("product/image/{$product->image}");
                    }
                }

                $imageName = Str::random().'.'.$request->image->getClientOriginalExtension();
                Storage::disk('public')->putFileAs('product/image', $request->image,$imageName);
                $product->image = $imageName;
                $product->save();
            }

            return response()->json([
                'message'=>'Product Updated Successfully!!'
            ]);

        }catch(\Exception $e){
            \Log::error($e->getMessage());
            return response()->json([
                'message'=>'Something goes wrong while updating a product!!'
            ],500);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  \App\Models\Product  $product
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy(Product $product)
    {
        try {

            if($product->image){
                $exists = Storage::disk('public')->exists("product/image/{$product->image}");
                if($exists){
                    Storage::disk('public')->delete("product/image/{$product->image}");
                }
            }

            $product->delete();

            return response()->json([
                'message'=>'Product Deleted Successfully!!'
            ]);

        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            \Log::error($e->getMessage());
            return response()->json([
                'message'=>'Something goes wrong while deleting a product!!'
            ]);
        }
    }
}

4. Define Routes in api.php

Now define routes in the api.php routes file. Go to the routes folder and open the api.php file and update the following routes:

use App\Http\Controllers\ProductController;

Route::resource('products',ProductController::class);

Before starting the application you need to run this command to access all uploaded images ignore this command if you don't upload in a public disk.

php artisan storage:link

The public the disk is intended for files that are going to be publicly accessible. By default, the public disk uses the local driver and stores these files in storage/app/public. To make them accessible from the web, you should create a symbolic link from public/storage to storage/app/public.

Start the application by running php artisan serve and you’d see that your API is available for use with Postman or any other REST client you prefer.

Read Also: How to Install React in Laravel 9

5. Building React CRUD Application Frontend

Let’s get started with building out our frontend with React, one of the most popular JavaScript frontend libraries in use today.

In a separate folder, run the following commands to install create-react-app and create a react app called expenses-manager, cd into the folder, and then install Axios (an HTTP client for sending XMLHttpRequests), react-bootstrap and bootstrap as well as sweetalert2 for presenting us with lovely looking alert boxes.

npm install -g create-react-app 
create-react-app crud-react 
cd crud-react 
npm install axios react-bootstrap bootstrap 
npm install react-router-dom sweetalert2 --save

After the installation is completed, open up your src/app.js and import the following bootstrap core file to the top of the code:

import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css';

The next step is to create the components we need in our application, open up your src folder and create a new folder in it named components, in the components folder create another folder named product, create the following files in product folder:

create.component.js
edit.component.js
list.component.js

In the create.component.js file, add the following code:

import React, { useState } from "react";
import Form from 'react-bootstrap/Form'
import Button from 'react-bootstrap/Button'
import Row from 'react-bootstrap/Row';
import Col from 'react-bootstrap/Col';
import axios from 'axios'
import Swal from 'sweetalert2';
import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'

export default function CreateProduct() {
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  const [title, setTitle] = useState("")
  const [description, setDescription] = useState("")
  const [image, setImage] = useState()
  const [validationError,setValidationError] = useState({})

  const changeHandler = (event) => {
        setImage(event.target.files[0]);
    };

  const createProduct = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();

    const formData = new FormData()

    formData.append('title', title)
    formData.append('description', description)
    formData.append('image', image)

    await axios.post(`http://localhost:8000/api/products`, formData).then(({data})=>{
      Swal.fire({
        icon:"success",
        text:data.message
      })
      navigate("/")
    }).catch(({response})=>{
      if(response.status===422){
        setValidationError(response.data.errors)
      }else{
        Swal.fire({
          text:response.data.message,
          icon:"error"
        })
      }
    })
  }

  return (
    <div className="container">
      <div className="row justify-content-center">
        <div className="col-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6">
          <div className="card">
            <div className="card-body">
              <h4 className="card-title">Create Product</h4>
              <hr />
              <div className="form-wrapper">
                {
                  Object.keys(validationError).length > 0 && (
                    <div className="row">
                      <div className="col-12">
                        <div className="alert alert-danger">
                          <ul className="mb-0">
                            {
                              Object.entries(validationError).map(([key, value])=>(
                                <li key={key}>{value}</li>   
                              ))
                            }
                          </ul>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  )
                }
                <Form onSubmit={createProduct}>
                  <Row> 
                      <Col>
                        <Form.Group controlId="Name">
                            <Form.Label>Title</Form.Label>
                            <Form.Control type="text" value={title} onChange={(event)=>{
                              setTitle(event.target.value)
                            }}/>
                        </Form.Group>
                      </Col>  
                  </Row>
                  <Row className="my-3">
                      <Col>
                        <Form.Group controlId="Description">
                            <Form.Label>Description</Form.Label>
                            <Form.Control as="textarea" rows={3} value={description} onChange={(event)=>{
                              setDescription(event.target.value)
                            }}/>
                        </Form.Group>
                      </Col>
                  </Row>
                  <Row>
                    <Col>
                      <Form.Group controlId="Image" className="mb-3">
                        <Form.Label>Image</Form.Label>
                        <Form.Control type="file" onChange={changeHandler} />
                      </Form.Group>
                    </Col>
                  </Row>
                  <Button variant="primary" className="mt-2" size="lg" block="block" type="submit">
                    Save
                  </Button>
                </Form>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Also, go to edit.component.js and add the following code:

import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import Form from 'react-bootstrap/Form'
import Button from 'react-bootstrap/Button';
import Row from 'react-bootstrap/Row';
import Col from 'react-bootstrap/Col';
import { useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom'
import axios from 'axios';
import Swal from 'sweetalert2';

export default function EditUser() {
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  const { id } = useParams()

  const [title, setTitle] = useState("")
  const [description, setDescription] = useState("")
  const [image, setImage] = useState(null)
  const [validationError,setValidationError] = useState({})

  useEffect(()=>{
    fetchProduct()
  },[])

  const fetchProduct = async () => {
    await axios.get(`http://localhost:8000/api/products/${id}`).then(({data})=>{
      const { title, description } = data.product
      setTitle(title)
      setDescription(description)
    }).catch(({response:{data}})=>{
      Swal.fire({
        text:data.message,
        icon:"error"
      })
    })
  }

  const changeHandler = (event) => {
        setImage(event.target.files[0]);
    };

  const updateProduct = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();

    const formData = new FormData()
    formData.append('_method', 'PATCH');
    formData.append('title', title)
    formData.append('description', description)
    if(image!==null){
      formData.append('image', image)
    }

    await axios.post(`http://localhost:8000/api/products/${id}`, formData).then(({data})=>{
      Swal.fire({
        icon:"success",
        text:data.message
      })
      navigate("/")
    }).catch(({response})=>{
      if(response.status===422){
        setValidationError(response.data.errors)
      }else{
        Swal.fire({
          text:response.data.message,
          icon:"error"
        })
      }
    })
  }

  return (
    <div className="container">
      <div className="row justify-content-center">
        <div className="col-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6">
          <div className="card">
            <div className="card-body">
              <h4 className="card-title">Update Product</h4>
              <hr />
              <div className="form-wrapper">
                {
                  Object.keys(validationError).length > 0 && (
                    <div className="row">
                      <div className="col-12">
                        <div className="alert alert-danger">
                          <ul className="mb-0">
                            {
                              Object.entries(validationError).map(([key, value])=>(
                                <li key={key}>{value}</li>   
                              ))
                            }
                          </ul>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  )
                }
                <Form onSubmit={updateProduct}>
                  <Row> 
                      <Col>
                        <Form.Group controlId="Name">
                            <Form.Label>Title</Form.Label>
                            <Form.Control type="text" value={title} onChange={(event)=>{
                              setTitle(event.target.value)
                            }}/>
                        </Form.Group>
                      </Col>  
                  </Row>
                  <Row className="my-3">
                      <Col>
                        <Form.Group controlId="Description">
                            <Form.Label>Description</Form.Label>
                            <Form.Control as="textarea" rows={3} value={description} onChange={(event)=>{
                              setDescription(event.target.value)
                            }}/>
                        </Form.Group>
                      </Col>
                  </Row>
                  <Row>
                    <Col>
                      <Form.Group controlId="Image" className="mb-3">
                        <Form.Label>Image</Form.Label>
                        <Form.Control type="file" onChange={changeHandler} />
                      </Form.Group>
                    </Col>
                  </Row>
                  <Button variant="primary" className="mt-2" size="lg" block="block" type="submit">
                    Update
                  </Button>
                </Form>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Finally, go to the list.component.js file and add the following:

import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
import Button from 'react-bootstrap/Button'
import axios from 'axios';
import Swal from 'sweetalert2'

export default function List() {

    const [products, setProducts] = useState([])

    useEffect(()=>{
        fetchProducts() 
    },[])

    const fetchProducts = async () => {
        await axios.get(`http://localhost:8000/api/products`).then(({data})=>{
            setProducts(data)
        })
    }

    const deleteProduct = async (id) => {
        const isConfirm = await Swal.fire({
            title: 'Are you sure?',
            text: "You won't be able to revert this!",
            icon: 'warning',
            showCancelButton: true,
            confirmButtonColor: '#3085d6',
            cancelButtonColor: '#d33',
            confirmButtonText: 'Yes, delete it!'
          }).then((result) => {
            return result.isConfirmed
          });

          if(!isConfirm){
            return;
          }

          await axios.delete(`http://localhost:8000/api/products/${id}`).then(({data})=>{
            Swal.fire({
                icon:"success",
                text:data.message
            })
            fetchProducts()
          }).catch(({response:{data}})=>{
            Swal.fire({
                text:data.message,
                icon:"error"
            })
          })
    }

    return (
      <div className="container">
          <div className="row">
            <div className='col-12'>
                <Link className='btn btn-primary mb-2 float-end' to={"/product/create"}>
                    Create Product
                </Link>
            </div>
            <div className="col-12">
                <div className="card card-body">
                    <div className="table-responsive">
                        <table className="table table-bordered mb-0 text-center">
                            <thead>
                                <tr>
                                    <th>Title</th>
                                    <th>Description</th>
                                    <th>Image</th>
                                    <th>Actions</th>
                                </tr>
                            </thead>
                            <tbody>
                                {
                                    products.length > 0 && (
                                        products.map((row, key)=>(
                                            <tr key={key}>
                                                <td>{row.title}</td>
                                                <td>{row.description}</td>
                                                <td>
                                                    <img width="50px" src={`http://localhost:8000/storage/product/image/${row.image}`} />
                                                </td>
                                                <td>
                                                    <Link to={`/product/edit/${row.id}`} className='btn btn-success me-2'>
                                                        Edit
                                                    </Link>
                                                    <Button variant="danger" onClick={()=>deleteProduct(row.id)}>
                                                        Delete
                                                    </Button>
                                                </td>
                                            </tr>
                                        ))
                                    )
                                }
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>
    )
}

What is React Router?

React Router is the standard routing library for React. React Router keeps your UI in sync with the URL. It has a simple API with powerful features like lazy code loading, dynamic route matching, and location transition handling built right in. Make the URL your first thought, not an after-thought.

Using React Router

Let’s add some routing to our app and open up the app.js file in your src directory and modify it as follows:

import * as React from "react";
import Navbar from "react-bootstrap/Navbar";
import Container from "react-bootstrap/Container";
import Row from "react-bootstrap/Row";
import Col from "react-bootstrap/Col";
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css";

import { BrowserRouter as Router , Routes, Route, Link } from "react-router-dom";

import EditProduct from "./components/product/edit.component";
import ProductList from "./components/product/list.component";
import CreateProduct from "./components/product/create.component";

function App() {
  return (<Router>
    <Navbar bg="primary">
      <Container>
        <Link to={"/"} className="navbar-brand text-white">
          Basic Crud App
        </Link>
      </Container>
    </Navbar>

    <Container className="mt-5">
      <Row>
        <Col md={12}>
          <Routes>
            <Route path="/product/create" element={<CreateProduct />} />
            <Route path="/product/edit/:id" element={<EditProduct />} />
            <Route exact path='/' element={<ProductList />} />
          </Routes>
        </Col>
      </Row>
    </Container>
  </Router>);
}

export default App;

Finally, It's time to run our React Crud Application.

Run npm run start to preview your application.

Thank you for reading this blog.

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