Mastering State Management with the useReducer Hook in React

When building React applications, managing state can become complex, especially when dealing with multiple state variables that depend on each other. If you find yourself in this situation, it's time to explore the power of the useReducer Hook!

What is useReducer?
TheuseReducer Hook is a powerful tool for managing state in a predictable way. It allows you to manage complex state logic in a clean and organized manner, making your code more maintainable.

Syntax
The useReducer Hook accepts two arguments:

useReducer(reducer, initialState)

reducer: A function that contains your custom state logic.
initialState: The initial state of your component, usually an object.

How it Works

Current State: The current state value based on the latest dispatched action.
Dispatch Method: A function that lets you send actions to the reducer to update the state

1.Example:
Here's a simple example of how to use the useReducer Hook to manage a counter:

import React, { useReducer } from "react";

// Define the initial state
const initialState = { count: 0 };

// Define the reducer function
const reducer = (state, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case "increment":
      return { count: state.count + 1 };
    case "decrement":
      return { count: state.count - 1 };
    default:
      return state;
  }
};

function Counter() {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);

  // Inline styles
  const containerStyle = {
    maxWidth: "400px",
    margin: "50px auto",
    padding: "20px",
    borderRadius: "10px",
    boxShadow: "0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)",
    textAlign: "center",
    backgroundColor: "#ffffff",
    fontFamily: "'Roboto', sans-serif",
  };

  const headingStyle = {
    fontSize: "2.5rem",
    margin: "20px 0",
    color: "#333333",
  };

  const buttonStyle = {
    margin: "10px",
    padding: "12px 24px",
    fontSize: "1.1rem",
    border: "none",
    borderRadius: "5px",
    cursor: "pointer",
    transition: "background-color 0.3s, transform 0.3s",
    outline: "none",
    boxShadow: "0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)",
  };

  const incrementButtonStyle = {
    ...buttonStyle,
    backgroundColor: "#28a745",
    color: "white",
  };

  const decrementButtonStyle = {
    ...buttonStyle,
    backgroundColor: "#dc3545",
    color: "white",
  };

  // Hover and active styles
  const buttonHoverStyle = {
    filter: "brightness(1.1)",
    transform: "scale(1.05)",
  };

  return (
    <div style={containerStyle}>
      <h1 style={headingStyle}>Count: {state.count}</h1>
      <button
        style={incrementButtonStyle}
        onMouseOver={(e) =>
          (e.currentTarget.style = {
            ...incrementButtonStyle,
            ...buttonHoverStyle,
          })
        }
        onMouseOut={(e) => (e.currentTarget.style = incrementButtonStyle)}
        onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "increment" })}
      >
        Increment
      </button>
      <button
        style={decrementButtonStyle}
        onMouseOver={(e) =>
          (e.currentTarget.style = {
            ...decrementButtonStyle,
            ...buttonHoverStyle,
          })
        }
        onMouseOut={(e) => (e.currentTarget.style = decrementButtonStyle)}
        onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "decrement" })}
      >
        Decrement
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default Counter;

Output:

2.Example:

import React, { useReducer, useState } from "react";

// Define the initial state
const initialState = {
  todos: [],
};

// Define the reducer function
const reducer = (state, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case "ADD_TODO":
      return { ...state, todos: [...state.todos, action.payload] };
    case "REMOVE_TODO":
      return {
        ...state,
        todos: state.todos.filter((todo) => todo.id !== action.payload),
      };
    default:
      return state;
  }
};

function TodoApp() {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
  const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState("");

  const handleAddTodo = () => {
    if (inputValue.trim()) {
      dispatch({
        type: "ADD_TODO",
        payload: { id: Date.now(), text: inputValue },
      });
      setInputValue(""); // Clear input field
    }
  };

  // Internal CSS
  const styles = {
    container: {
      maxWidth: "600px",
      margin: "50px auto",
      padding: "20px",
      borderRadius: "10px",
      boxShadow: "0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)",
      backgroundColor: "#f9f9f9",
      fontFamily: "'Arial', sans-serif",
    },
    heading: {
      textAlign: "center",
      fontSize: "2.5rem",
      marginBottom: "20px",
      color: "#333",
    },
    input: {
      width: "calc(100% - 50px)",
      padding: "10px",
      borderRadius: "5px",
      border: "1px solid #ccc",
      fontSize: "1rem",
      marginRight: "10px",
    },
    button: {
      padding: "10px 15px",
      fontSize: "1rem",
      border: "none",
      borderRadius: "5px",
      backgroundColor: "#28a745",
      color: "white",
      cursor: "pointer",
      transition: "background-color 0.3s",
    },
    buttonRemove: {
      padding: "5px 10px",
      marginLeft: "10px",
      fontSize: "0.9rem",
      border: "none",
      borderRadius: "5px",
      backgroundColor: "#dc3545",
      color: "white",
      cursor: "pointer",
      transition: "background-color 0.3s",
    },
    todoList: {
      listStyleType: "none",
      padding: 0,
      marginTop: "20px",
    },
    todoItem: {
      display: "flex",
      justifyContent: "space-between",
      alignItems: "center",
      padding: "10px",
      borderBottom: "1px solid #ccc",
      backgroundColor: "#fff",
      borderRadius: "5px",
      marginBottom: "10px",
    },
  };

  return (
    <div style={styles.container}>
      <h1 style={styles.heading}>Todo List</h1>
      <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center" }}>
        <input
          style={styles.input}
          type="text"
          value={inputValue}
          onChange={(e) => setInputValue(e.target.value)}
          placeholder="Add a new todo"
        />
        <button style={styles.button} onClick={handleAddTodo}>
          Add Todo
        </button>
      </div>
      <ul style={styles.todoList}>
        {state.todos.map((todo) => (
          <li style={styles.todoItem} key={todo.id}>
            {todo.text}
            <button
              style={styles.buttonRemove}
              onClick={() =>
                dispatch({ type: "REMOVE_TODO", payload: todo.id })
              }
            >
              Remove
            </button>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}

export default TodoApp;

Output:

The useReducerHook is an excellent addition to your React toolkit. It empowers you to handle complex state management efficiently, making your applications more robust and easier to maintain. Give it a try in your next project, and take your state management to the next level!

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Mastering State Management with the useReducer Hook in React

Sudhanshu Gaikwad

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