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The SQL RAISERROR statement is used to generate custom error messages in SQL Server. Using variables with RAISERROR allows you to create dynamic error messages, making your SQL scripts more adaptable and efficient. This approach is particularly helpful when you need to include specific information in the error messages, such as column names or values that triggered the error.

For example, you can declare a variable like @ErrorMessage to store a custom message and then use RAISERROR(@ErrorMessage, 16, 1) to trigger the error with severity level 16, which denotes a general user error. This makes your error handling more flexible since you can modify the error messages as needed without changing the core logic.

Furthermore, RAISERROR supports parameterized messages using placeholders like %s. This enables you to pass variables directly into the error message, enhancing the clarity of the error logs. For instance, you can indicate that a specific column contains an invalid value by using code like RAISERROR('Error in column %s: Value %s is not allowed.', 16, 1, @ColumnName, @InvalidValue).

By leveraging variables with RAISERROR, you can improve your application's robustness and make debugging more straightforward. This technique is essential for developers working on complex database applications where precise error handling is critical