Aspiring programmers often ask me which programming language they should learn first or which tech stack is easiest for beginners. To be honest, there's no one-size-fits-all answer to these questions, as everyone has different experiences, goals, and learning styles. Factors like your background, career aspirations, and available time can all influence the best choice for you. However, I'll share my perspective, which might align with your learning style and help you make an informed decision. Happy reading!

🏴 Nothing Perfect

Before we delve deeper, it's crucial to remember that there's no perfect tech stack or programming language. Each has its own set of trade-offs to consider. It's similar to choosing a knife for cooking – while a chef's knife is versatile for many tasks, a paring knife excels at precision work, and a bread knife is unmatched for slicing loaves. Just as different knives serve various purposes in the kitchen, different programming languages and tech stacks are designed to solve different types of problems.

Learning approaches differ significantly from person to person. My journey, for instance, began with mathematical logic, which I later translated into pseudocode. When it came to actual programming languages, I started with C++ for competitive programming. Subsequently, I revisited programming fundamentals using Python, before advancing my skills with Java. This varied experience taught me an important lesson: there are numerous paths to becoming a proficient programmer.

As we explore various options, consider: What type of "cutting" do you want to do in the world of programming? Are you aiming for algorithmic problem-solving, web development, data analysis, or something else? Keep these questions in mind as we delve into some popular choices for beginners.

👣 Learning Path

Learning programming and software engineering is a journey that requires patience and dedication. There are no shortcuts; it takes time to progress through each step, from mastering the fundamentals to implementing complex systems. Even after gaining proficiency, all software engineers must continue learning throughout their careers. Technology evolves rapidly – languages like Python release new versions, frameworks like React update frequently, and entirely new tools emerge regularly. When you decide to enter the world of software engineering, you're embarking on an exciting adventure of constant growth. It's like tending a garden; you plant the seeds of knowledge, nurture them over time, and continually adapt to new conditions. This commitment to lifelong learning is challenging, but it's also what makes this field so rewarding and dynamic.

Given the vast and deep scope of learning, I'll focus on the path from understanding fundamentals to basic implementation of software engineering. There are essentially three main steps: learning a basic programming language, exploring other software engineering tools, and understanding tech stacks. However, each of these steps contains numerous subtopics. Let's examine them one by one.

👩‍💻 Basic Programming Language

The first step is to understand the basics. Familiarize yourself with one programming language and learn its fundamental logic and concepts. For beginners, I recommend Python as your first programming language. Its syntax is quite simple and flexible. You'll likely enjoy working with basic programming logic such as assigning variables, branching, looping, and creating functions.

If you've enjoyed working with the basics, you could then start learning one of the programming paradigms. The most familiar one is object-oriented programming (OOP). For this, I recommend starting with Java. Familiarize yourself with basic OOP concepts such as classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

🎨 Basic Markup Language and Styling

This path can be learned either after mastering a basic programming language or in parallel with it. In this approach, you'll learn how to visualize content using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and style it with CSS. In my experience, it’s more effective to practice directly rather than just reading or watching tutorials. Trial and error will shape your understanding as you progress. Also, you might learn about JavaScript usage to handle particular case on your practice.

🗃 Basic Database

This part is also essential to learn. At the very least, you should familiarize yourself with basic query language syntax. I suggest starting with PostgreSQL or SQLite. There's no need to dive too deeply at first; understanding the basic logic of storing, updating, and retrieving data is sufficient. It's also beneficial to have some knowledge of query optimization, but you can learn that as you go.

🕸 Basic Concepts of Web Programming

Once you're familiar with the basics, you can try working on a mini project that requires a programming language, a markup language, and a database. However, before starting, it's important to understand the basic concepts of web programming. Even if your goal is to build mobile apps, it's better to learn web programming first. To simplify your learning experience, I suggest using Flask or Django, as these two frameworks are lightweight and easy to use for small-scale projects.

You could start by crafting a simple to-do list app that runs on your local device. Begin by defining the database table, or you could use migrations from the framework’s ORM. Next, build the logic to store and retrieve to-do items. Finally, render your HTML using a library like Mako Template or a similar tool.

☁ Version Control

By completing a few mini projects, you'll gain a better understanding of how everything works. You might even come up with ideas to enhance your previous projects to further improve your skills. However, you may feel hesitant to modify your code base because of the risk of introducing errors. This is why it's important to learn about version control.

From this point on, you'll focus more on practical tasks. There will be some trial and error along the way. Next, you should learn about Git, a tool commonly used for version control. You can also try platforms like GitHub or GitLab to store your code in the cloud, both of which use Git.

⚙ Frameworks

Finally, you'll explore modern frameworks and technologies that can help you build more advanced projects. In fact, you've already encountered some of these. When you used Flask, Django, or similar tools in your earlier mini projects, you were already working with frameworks. So, you should now be familiar with the concept of frameworks.

For this part, I have to admit that I'm unsure which framework to recommend you learn first. My advice is to research the most common frameworks used by people around you. It’s also beneficial if you have someone who can answer your questions while you're learning about a specific framework.

As you progress in your learning journey, it's crucial to understand the distinction between backend (BE) and frontend (FE) development, and how to use frameworks for specific purposes. Here's a suggested learning path:

1. Start with a simplified full-stack approach: Initially, I recommended using Django with Mako Templates for HTML rendering to simplify your learning process.
2. Transition to decoupled architecture: Now, it's time to separate your BE and FE. For the backend:
   • Use Django Rest Framework to build a REST API
   • This decouples your backend logic from the frontend presentation
3. Modernize your frontend: Convert your frontend to a more modern framework like React or Vue.js. This allows for a more dynamic and responsive user interface.
4. Integration: Learn to integrate your decoupled BE (Django Rest Framework API) with your new FE (React/Vue.js).
5. Expand your knowledge: While working on these steps, familiarize yourself with:
   • API architectures
   • HTTP protocols
   • Other common concepts in software development

This approach guides you from a simpler, monolithic structure to a more modern, decoupled architecture. It exposes you to a range of technologies and concepts crucial in today's software development landscape, preparing you for real-world scenarios.

📚 Keep Learning and Stay Motivated

As emphasized earlier, being a software engineer requires an unending eagerness to learn. To grow in this field, you should both deepen your expertise in specific areas and broaden your knowledge across various domains. After mastering the basics, I recommend the following progression:

1. Revisit and strengthen your understanding of data structures. This foundational knowledge is crucial for efficient problem-solving and algorithm design.
2. Learn about design patterns. These tried-and-true solutions to common programming challenges will elevate the quality and maintainability of your code.
3. Study system design. This will expand your scope in engineering, enabling you to architect robust, scalable solutions.

Beyond these steps, there's a vast landscape of topics to explore - from cloud computing and DevOps to machine learning and cybersecurity. The key is to be patient and progress at your own pace. Remember, software engineering is a marathon, not a sprint.