IP(Internet Protocol) Addressing:
Internet protocol addressing is carried out utilizing Internet Protocol addresses, which are labels that identify the devices within the different Internet protocols networks. There are two main types of IP addresses:There are two main types of IP addresses:

• IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol known as Internet Protocol version 4 most commonly.
• IPv6 – (Internet Protocol version 6)

Regarding the challenges that come with IPv4, there is the Internet Protocol that is a newer version, IPv6. IPv6 has an address space of 128 bits which is portrayed by hexadecimal numbers with an incredible possibility of handling addresses as many as is humanly possible to imagine. This increase in the devices in the expanding network architecture is provided for by IPv6.

A subnet, sometimes, referred to as sub-net or sub-network is a division of an IP network for management and security reasons. A subnet mask determines how the IP address is going to be divided between the network and the hosts portions. For example the subnet mask 255. 255. 255. A value of 0 for the fourth element of the set network_part found means that the first three sets of numbers are the network part, and the last one is for specific gadgets. Subnets help in breaking down the large network into several small networks to enhance their proper and secure functioning.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is used to indicate the subnet in a more precise manner: > 192. 168. 1. 0/24`. According to the tradition, the first 24 bits are reserved for the network part.

Loopback is the address given to the device for the local exchange of the Network traffic. It is primarily used in the instances of scanning and selectively removing a specific component in the network.

• IPv4 Loopback: This also means that the IPv4 loopback address is `127. 0. 0. 1 which is also called “localhost” is used for verify TCP/IP neatly on the local Computer.
• IPv6 Loopback: In the IPv6 specificity different from the IPv 4 the loopback address has the form of ::1. Similar to the IPv4 loopback it carries out the same task though under the IPv6 addresses that are larger in size.

Anybody who is to engage in networking ought to possess generalized-notions on types of IP address, subsets and even loop back addresses. Notably, besides assisting in the configuring of the networks, the above-mentioned ideas present methods for rectifying and calibration of the networks. Subsequently, these concepts will be useful in understanding standard and complex levels of networking in advance.