Is learning about callback functions making you feel just like Sharpay?

Well, before we get into the technical stuff let's think about it in a more theoretical way: with cake! 🎂

Imagine you want to bake a cake for your friend's birthday. The day before their birthday you follow a recipe for the icing and put it in the fridge to sit overnight. Here, the recipe for the icing is the callback function. You're not using the icing yet, but it's waiting to be called on later!

The day of the birthday party you decide to pull up the cake recipe. It calls for flour, water, eggs, sugar, baking powder, salt, milk, and icing.

This recipe, or function, is using a bunch of variables and also that recipe, or function, for icing. It's calling back on that recipe you already created, or declared, earlier.

Ok enough about cake (sadly), let's get into the technical stuff:

At this point we are used to passing variables as arguments in a function. In Javascript, we can also use functions to pass as arguments in a new function. The first function is the callback function and that is the one being passed as an argument through the new function.

For example:

//callback function
function icing ( ) {
console.log("vanilla icing")
}

//new function
function cake (flavor, callback) {
console.log("My cake flavor is " + flavor);
callback();
}

//using the callback function as an argument
cake ("pumpkin", icing);

What do you think the result is here?

At the bottom of the code you can see that we called the cake function. Because we are passing through "pumpkin" as the first argument, we know that the console is going to log "My cake flavor is pumpkin"

The second part of this function uses the second parameter to call that function. When we are calling cake, we see that the second parameter we are calling is the icing function. The icing function wants us to console.log "vanilla icing."

Therefore, our console should read:

My cake flavor is pumpkin
vanilla icing

And there is our recipe for the callback function, enjoy!

Extra Challenge:
Try writing a function called decorate that takes a callback function to add decorations to a cake!

Other Materials:

https://www.programiz.com/javascript/callback
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Callback_function