Modular Laravel

Introduction

The following Laravel project/directory structure represents a personal boilerplate modular/SOA structure that I use most of the time when starting a new Laravel project.

I found myself creating the same structure multiple times during the past couple of months so I decided to create a boilerplate project starter.

Core structure

The Core module contains the main interfaces, abstract classes and implementations

Directory overview

app
├── Modules
│   └── Core
│       ├── Controllers
│       |   ├── ApiController.php
|       |   └── Controller.php
│       ├── Exceptions
│       |   ├── FormRequestTableNotFoundException.php
│       |   ├── GeneralException.php
│       |   ├── GeneralIndexException.php
│       |   ├── GeneralSearchException.php
│       |   ├── GeneralStoreException.php
│       |   ├── GeneralNotFoundException.php
│       |   ├── GeneralDestroyException.php
|       |   └── GeneralUpdateException.php
│       ├── Filters
│       |   ├── QueryFilter.php
|       |   └── FilterBuilder.php
│       ├── Helpers
|       |   └── Helper.php
│       ├── Interfaces
│       |   ├── FilterInterface.php
│       |   ├── SearchInterface.php
|       |   └── RepositoryInterface.php
│       ├── Models
|       |   └── .gitkeep
│       ├── Repositories
|       |   └── Repository.php
│       ├── Requests
│       |   ├── FormRequest.php
│       |   ├── CreateFormRequest.php
│       |   ├── DeleteFormRequest.php
│       |   ├── SearchFormRequest.php
│       |   ├── UpdateFormRequest.php
|       |   └── ShowFormRequest.php
│       ├── Resources
│       |   └── .gitkeep 
│       ├── Scopes
|       |   └── .gitkeep
│       ├── Traits
│       |   ├── ApiResponses.php
|       |   └── Filterable.php
│       ├── Transformers
│       |   ├── EmptyResource.php
|       |   └── EmptyResourceCollection.php
│       └── 
└──

Interfaces

The main interface is the RepositoryInterface which has the basic CRUD and some additional methods defined.


namespace App\Modules\Core\Interfaces;

interface RepositoryInterface
{
    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function findAll();

    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function findById(int $id);

    /**
     * @param string $column
     * @param $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function findBy(string $column, $value);

    /**
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function create(array $data);

    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function update(int $id, array $data);


    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function delete(int $id);

}

The Repository class that implements the RepositoryInterface looks like this:


namespace App\Modules\Core\Repositories;

use App\Modules\Core\Interfaces\RepositoryInterface;

class Repository implements RepositoryInterface
{
    /**
     * Model::class
     */
    public $model;

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function findAll()
    {
        return $this->model::all();
    }

    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function findById(int $id)
    {
        return $this->model::find($id);
    }

    /**
     * @param string $column
     * @param $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function findBy(string $column, $value)
    {
        return $this->model::where($column, $value);
    }

    /**
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function create(array $data)
    {
        return $this->model::create($data)->fresh();
    }

    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function update(int $id, array $data)
    {
        $item = $this->findById($id);
        $item->fill($data);
        $item->save();
        return $item->fresh();
    }

    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @return mixed|void
     */
    public function delete(int $id)
    {
        $this->model::destroy($id);
    }
}

The other two interfaces are SearchInterface and FilterInterface

The SearchInterface defines one method, this interface can be implemented by a specific Repository class per Module when there is a need for a Search filter while retrieving data from the database.


namespace App\Modules\Core\Interfaces;

interface SearchInterface
{
    /**
     * @param array $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function search(array $request);
}

Example implementation of the SearchInterface

namespace App\Modules\Example\Repositories;

class ExampleRepository extends Repository implements ExampleInterface, SearchInterface
{
    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $model = Example::class;

    /**
     * @param array $request
     * @return mixed
     * @throws ExampleSearchException
     */
    public function search(array $request)
    {
        try {
            $query = $this->model::filterBy($request);

            $query->orderBy(Arr::get($request, 'order_by') ?? 'id', Arr::get($request, 'sort') ?? 'desc');

            return $query->paginate(Arr::get($request, 'per_page') ?? (new $this->model)->getPerPage());

        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleSearchException($exception);
        }
    }
}

This can be further abstracted, but I will handle that in some future release 😄

Also, the FilterInterface defines only one method and this interface is implemented per Filter class per module if there is a need for filtering by specific request key.


namespace App\Modules\Core\Interfaces;

interface FilterInterface
{
    /**
     * @param $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($value);
}

Example implementation of the FilterInterface


namespace App\Modules\Example\Filters;

use App\Modules\Core\Filters\QueryFilter;
use App\Modules\Core\Interfaces\FilterInterface;

class Name extends QueryFilter implements FilterInterface
{
    /**
     * @param $value
     * @return mixed|void
     */
    public function handle($value)
    {
        $this->query->where('name', 'like', '%' . $value . '%');
    }
}

Exceptions

The Exceptions directory contains the General exceptions that have some predefined $code and $message for the exception, this can be overridden when the custom exception per Module extends the General Exception.

As an example in the provided Module Example there are multiple exceptions defined

ExampleNotFoundException


namespace App\Modules\Example\Exceptions;

use App\Modules\Core\Exceptions\GeneralNotFoundException;

class ExampleNotFoundException extends GeneralNotFoundException
{

}

This extends the GeneralNotFoundException


namespace App\Modules\Core\Exceptions;

class GeneralNotFoundException extends GeneralException
{
    public $code = 404;

    /**
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function message(): ?string
    {
        return "The requested resource was not found in the database";
    }
}

Requests

The Requests directory contains the General Form Request abstract classes.

The main FormRequest class overrides the failedValidation method from src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/FormRequest.php


abstract class FormRequest extends LaravelFormRequest
{
    /**
     * Handle a failed validation attempt.
     *
     * @param Validator $validator
     * @return void
     *
     */
    protected function failedValidation(Validator $validator)
    {
        $errors = (new ValidationException($validator))->errors();

        throw new HttpResponseException(
            response()->json(['errors' => $errors], Response::HTTP_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY)
        );
    }
}

Then each of the other abstract Form Request classes extends this abstract FormRequest

CreateFormRequest


namespace App\Modules\Core\Requests;

abstract class CreateFormRequest extends FormRequest
{
    protected $table = '';

    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    abstract public function rules();
}

Now when the abstract CreateFormRequest is extended in a Module, the class that extends this will have to implement the abstract method rules() where the validation rules are defined.

CreateExampleRequest


namespace App\Modules\Example\Requests;

use App\Modules\Core\Requests\CreateFormRequest;
use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

class CreateExampleRequest extends CreateFormRequest
{
    protected $table = 'examples';

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => [
                'required',
                'string',
                Rule::unique($this->table, 'name')
            ],
            'example_type_id' => [
                'required',
                Rule::exists('example_types', 'id')
            ],
            'is_active' => [
                'sometimes',
                'boolean'
            ],
        ];
    }
}

Traits

The Traits directory contains the core traits used in the modules. The ApiResponses trait is where the default structure is defined for the Json responses for error and success

Some methods defined there


    /**
     * @param Exception $exception
     * @param array $data
     * @param string $title
     * @return JsonResponse
     */
    public function exceptionRespond(Exception $exception, $data = [], $title = 'Error'): JsonResponse
    {
        return response()->json(
            [
                'title' => $title,
                'message' => $exception->getMessage(),
                'code' => $exception->getCode(),
            ],
            $exception->getCode());
    }

    /**
     * @param $data
     * @return JsonResponse
     */
    public function respond($data): JsonResponse
    {
        return response()->json(
                [
                    'message' => $this->message,
                    'code' => $this->responseCode,
                    'data' => $data
                ],
                $this->responseCode);
    }

To get the general idea of the Core structure please clone the repository or create new composer project

git clone https://github.com/keljtanoski/modular-laravel.git

composer create-project keljtanoski/modular-laravel

Example module structure

This is an example module ready to be used. The general purpose of this module is to demonstrate the interaction between the interface, repository and the service, it can be easily duplicated and with simple search and replace you can have new module up and running very fast.

Directory overview

app
├── Modules
│   └── Example
│       ├── Config
|       |   └── .gitkeep
│       ├── Controllers
│       │   ├── Api
│       │   │   └── ExamplesController.php
|       |   └── ExamplesController.php
│       ├── Exceptions
│       |   ├── ExampleDestroyException.php
│       |   ├── ExampleIndexException.php
│       |   ├── ExampleNotFoundException.php
│       |   ├── ExampleSearchException.php
│       |   ├── ExampleStoreException.php
|       |   └── ExampleUpdateException.php
│       ├── Filters
│       |   ├── ExampleType.php
│       |   ├── ExampleTypeId.php
│       |   ├── IsActive.php
|       |   └── Name.php
│       ├── Helpers
|       |   └── .gitkeep
│       ├── Interfaces
|       |   └── ExampleInterface.php
│       ├── Models
|       |   └── Example.php
│       ├── Repositories
|       |   └── ExampleRepository.php
│       ├── Requests
│       |   ├── CreateExampleRequest.php
│       |   ├── DeleteExampleRequest.php
│       |   ├── SearchExampleRequest.php
│       |   ├── ShowExampleRequest.php
|       |   └── UpdateExampleRequest.php
│       ├── Resources
│       |   ├── lang
|       |   |   └── .gitkeep
│       |   └── views
|       |       ├── layouts
|       |       |   └── master.blade.php
|       |       ├── index.blade.php
|       |       └── create.blade.php
│       ├── routes
│       |   ├── api.php
|       |   └── web.php
│       ├── Services
|       |   └── ExampleService.php
│       ├── Traits
|       |   └── .gitkeep
│       ├── Transformers
|       |   └── ExampleResource.php
│       └──
└──

Controllers

The Controllers directory holds the controllers for the module. ExamplesController is used for the WEB endpoints and the Api/ExamplesController is used for the API endpoints

Api/ExamplesController

The exampleService is injected through the constructor.
This service is responsible for delegating the action required to a Repository class that implements the ExampleInterface.


namespace App\Modules\Example\Controllers\Api;

class ExamplesController extends ApiController
{
    /**
     * @var ExampleService
     */
    protected $exampleService;

    /**
     * @param ExampleService $exampleService
     */
    public function __construct(ExampleService $exampleService)
    {
        $this->exampleService = $exampleService;
    }

index() method

    /**
     * @param SearchExampleRequest $request
     * @return AnonymousResourceCollection
     * @throws ExampleIndexException
     */
    public function index(SearchExampleRequest $request)
    {
        try {
            return ExampleResource::collection($this->exampleService->search($request->validated()));
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleIndexException($exception);
        }
    }

show() method

    /**
     * @param ShowExampleRequest $request
     * @return JsonResponse
     * @throws ExampleNotFoundException
     */
    public function show(ShowExampleRequest $request)
    {
        try {
            return $this
                ->setMessage(__('apiResponse.ok',
                    ['resource' => Helper::getResourceName(
                        $this->exampleService->exampleRepository->model)
                    ]))
                ->respond(new ExampleResource($this->exampleService->getById($request->id)));
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleNotFoundException($exception);
        }
    }

store() method

    /**
     * @param CreateExampleRequest $request
     * @return JsonResponse
     * @throws ExampleStoreException
     */
    public function store(CreateExampleRequest $request)
    {
        try {
            return $this
                ->setMessage(__('apiResponse.storeSuccess',
                    ['resource' => Helper::getResourceName(
                        $this->exampleService->exampleRepository->model)
                    ]))
                ->respond(new ExampleResource($this->exampleService->create($request->validated())));
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleStoreException($exception);
        }
    }

update() method

    /**
     * @param UpdateExampleRequest $request
     * @return JsonResponse
     * @throws ExampleUpdateException
     */
    public function update(UpdateExampleRequest $request)
    {
        try {
            return $this
                ->setMessage(__('apiResponse.updateSuccess',
                    ['resource' => Helper::getResourceName(
                        $this->exampleService->exampleRepository->model)
                    ]))
                ->respond(new ExampleResource($this->exampleService
                    ->update($request->validated())
                ));
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleUpdateException($exception);
        }
    }

destroy() method


    /**
     * @param DeleteExampleRequest $request
     * @return JsonResponse
     * @throws ExampleDestroyException
     */
    public function destroy(DeleteExampleRequest $request)
    {
        try {
            return $this
                ->setMessage(__('apiResponse.deleteSuccess',
                    ['resource' => Helper::getResourceName(
                        $this->exampleService->exampleRepository->model)
                    ]))
                ->respond($this->exampleService->delete($request->id));
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleDestroyException($exception);
        }
    }
}

ExamplesController

The WEB - ExamplesController has the standard methods :

index() - returns all the resources
create() - returns view for creating a resource
store() - stores the data from the create form
edit() - returns view for editing a resource
update() - updates the resource with the form data
destroy() - destroys a resource

The same ExampleService is used and injected through the constructor.

namespace App\Modules\Example\Controllers;

class ExamplesController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @var ExampleService
     */
    protected $exampleService;

    /**
     * @param ExampleService $exampleService
     */
    public function __construct(ExampleService $exampleService)
    {
        $this->exampleService = $exampleService;
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     * @return Renderable
     */
    public function index()
    {
        return view('Example::index');
    }

    public function create()
    {
        return view("Example::create");
    }
}

Services

The Services directory contains the service classes used in a module.

The ExampleInterface is injected through the constructor, this interface is bind to an implementation via a RepositoryServiceProvider


class RepositoryServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    /**
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $repositories = [
        ExampleInterface::class => ExampleRepository::class,
        ExampleTypeInterface::class => ExampleTypeRepository::class,
    ];

    /**
     * Register services.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function register()
    {
        foreach ($this->repositories as $interface => $repository) {
            $this->app->bind($interface, function ($app) use ($repository) {
                return new $repository;
            });
        }
    }

The ExampleService class from this module is structured like this:


namespace App\Modules\Example\Services;

class ExampleService
{
    public $exampleRepository;

    public function __construct(ExampleInterface $exampleRepository)
    {
        $this->exampleRepository = $exampleRepository;
    }

Methods already defined in the ExampleService are the following:

getById() method


    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @return mixed
     * @throws ExampleNotFoundException
     */
    public function getById(int $id)
    {
        try {
            return $this->exampleRepository->findById($id);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleNotFoundException($exception);
        }
    }

getAll() method


    /**
     * @return mixed
     * @throws ExampleIndexException
     */
    public function getAll()
    {
        try {
            return $this->exampleRepository->findAll();
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleIndexException($exception);
        }
    }

create() method


    /**
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed
     * @throws ExampleStoreException
     */
    public function create(array $data)
    {
        try {
            return $this->exampleRepository->create($data);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleStoreException($exception);
        }
    }

update() method


    /**
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed
     * @throws ExampleUpdateException
     */
    public function update(array $data)
    {
        try {
            return $this->exampleRepository->update($data['id'], $data);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleUpdateException($exception);
        }
    }

delete() method


    /**
     * @param int $id
     * @return mixed|void
     * @throws ExampleDestroyException
     */
    public function delete(int $id)
    {
        try {
            return $this->exampleRepository->delete($id);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleDestroyException($exception);
        }
    }

search() method


/**
     * @param array $data
     * @return mixed|void
     * @throws ExampleSearchException
     */
    public function search(array $data)
    {
        try {
            return $this->exampleRepository->search($data);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new ExampleSearchException($exception);
        }
    }

To get the general idea of the Module structure please clone the repository or create new composer project

git clone https://github.com/keljtanoski/modular-laravel.git

composer create-project keljtanoski/modular-laravel

Route List

This is just an output of the php artisan route:list command


+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Method   | URI                       | Name                      | Action                                                                 | Middleware    |
+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| POST     | api/v1/example-types      | api.example_types.store   | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\Api\ExampleTypesController@store   | api           |
| GET|HEAD | api/v1/example-types      | api.example_types.index   | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\Api\ExampleTypesController@index   | api           |
| DELETE   | api/v1/example-types/{id} | api.example_types.destroy | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\Api\ExampleTypesController@destroy | api           |
| PATCH    | api/v1/example-types/{id} | api.example_types.update  | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\Api\ExampleTypesController@update  | api           |
| GET|HEAD | api/v1/example-types/{id} | api.example_types.show    | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\Api\ExampleTypesController@show    | api           |
| GET|HEAD | api/v1/examples           | api.examples.index        | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\Api\ExamplesController@index           | api           |
| POST     | api/v1/examples           | api.examples.store        | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\Api\ExamplesController@store           | api           |
| GET|HEAD | api/v1/examples/{id}      | api.examples.show         | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\Api\ExamplesController@show            | api           |
| PATCH    | api/v1/examples/{id}      | api.examples.update       | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\Api\ExamplesController@update          | api           |
| DELETE   | api/v1/examples/{id}      | api.examples.destroy      | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\Api\ExamplesController@destroy         | api           |
| POST     | example-types             | example_types.store       | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@store       | web           |
| GET|HEAD | example-types             | example_types.index       | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@index       | web           |
| GET|HEAD | example-types/create      | example_types.create      | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@create      | web           |
| GET|HEAD | example-types/{id}        | example_types.show        | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@show        | web           |
| PATCH    | example-types/{id}        | example_types.update      | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@update      | web           |
| DELETE   | example-types/{id}        | example_types.destroy     | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@destroy     | web           |
| GET|HEAD | example-types/{id}/edit   | example_types.edit        | App\Modules\ExampleType\Controllers\ExampleTypesController@edit        | web           |
| GET|HEAD | examples                  | examples.index            | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@index               | web           |
| POST     | examples                  | examples.store            | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@store               | web           |
| GET|HEAD | examples/create           | examples.create           | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@create              | web           |
| DELETE   | examples/{id}             | examples.destroy          | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@destroy             | web           |
| PATCH    | examples/{id}             | examples.update           | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@update              | web           |
| GET|HEAD | examples/{id}             | examples.show             | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@show                | web           |
| GET|HEAD | examples/{id}/edit        | examples.edit             | App\Modules\Example\Controllers\ExamplesController@edit                | web           |
+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+

Final thoughts

Each module represents a Use Case, but they can be combined into a Domain, for example Modules/CMS can have the following "sub-modules" : Post, Tag, Category etc. I will make an update about this once I have the demo implemented. I am also working on implementing Presenters and adding Tests so that will also be described in the next release.

Please let me know what you think in the comments.

You are welcome to suggest changes to the repository by submitting a pull-request. Your contribution is much appreciated

Thank you for your time.

This implementation was inspired by nWidart/laravel-modules and Artem-Schander/L5Modular

Links:

Blog

Kostadin Keljtanoski

Introduction

Core structure

Directory overview

Interfaces

Exceptions

ExampleNotFoundException

Requests

CreateFormRequest

CreateExampleRequest

Traits

Example module structure

Directory overview

Controllers

Api/ExamplesController

index() method

show() method

store() method

update() method

destroy() method

ExamplesController

Services

getById() method

getAll() method

create() method

update() method

delete() method

search() method

Route List

Final thoughts

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