Without rules and standards, we would be living in total chaos, and if every programmer had the freedom to do or write whatever he wanted as code, we would probably still be in the time where computers could occupy an entire apartment 😁.

But fortunately, this is not the case 😌. There are rules and standards every programmer should know. If you didn’t know these standards, don’t worry, I was a bad programmer too, a very bad one, but now I’m better and I’m still improving. Now, if you already knew them I congratulate you. But read anyway until the end for peace of mind.

I won’t really detail or give examples to these rules, as each of them requires at least a whole article with a lot of real cases examples, exceptions, or edge cases. I’ll just list them and cover each of them alone in its own article.

1. Take care of your code quality
   It implies that you write readable code. Use styling rules related to your programming language or technology and be consistent about them (For instance in python, the coding style conventions are described in PEP 8 of the documentation). You can install a linting extension related to your programming language/technology in your IDE. It will enforce your code quality and give you good habits.

2. Give meaningful names
   Give a meaningful name to your variables, functions, class, and packages. It will help understand the big picture of your codebase without even reading the implementation details.

3. Use the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle
   Avoid as much as possible repeating your code. It will first reduce your codebase, and if for any reason you have to change or improve that code, you'll change it only once instead of applying the same changes at multiple places.

4. Write short functions that handle specific tasks
   Keep your functions as short as possible and make them handle a single task. Plus, it will help for code reusability and code refactoring.

5. Well document your code
   Add useful comments and document your functions, classes, and packages as much as possible. Add description and type-hint for function parameters and return values. But, avoid obvious comments. It will also help to understand the big picture of your codebase without even reading the implementation details. And some of your IDE extensions could even help you automatically generate a documentation for your software if it's well documented.

6. Avoid using Magic numbers or hardcoded values in your code
   It's will save your life and contribute to your codebase maintainability.

7. Limit code line length to a standard value (80 chars for instance)
   It improves code readability as well.

Very Important

• Test your code. Write test (at least unit tests) cases as much as you can, especially when the feature is tricky or complex.
• Think big. Take care of scalability and performance matters. Don't code like if you'll be the only user of your website, even if it's a side project, or don't code like your software will just have 10 or 100 users, think big. Think about what will happen if it came that there are millions or billions of users using it. Won't this database request or loop take a while ? will this code still do the job ? Think about it while coding and improve your code as you go.
• Pay attention to code reviews. During code reviews you'll learn a lot and also share a lot with others. And the most important thing, during reviews you will catch earlier bugs, and that helps reduce the technical depts. So pay close attention to them.
• Avoid Hacks in your code. Avoid tinkering with code, finding a temporary quick fix to work around a problem or bug. That will probably break again later (maybe even in production). Instead, go to the source, take the time to understand the issue, and try to find the right final solution for good. If you found it by help, on a website like StackOverflow for instance, make sure you understand it before adding it to your codebase.

That is all for this article, If you have any pearls of wisdom that you think are missing, please let me know in the comment section. I may include them in another article.

I share what I know because:

The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know. (Einstein)