Raspbian is based on of Debian Wheezy, so things are a little different than the standard Ubuntu 14.04 installs. Remember to always read a script before you curl it to bash.

curl -sLS https://apt.adafruit.com/add | sudo bash
sudo apt-get install node

Now check it's running okay...

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ node -v
v0.12.0

Ok so it's a little behind but still on 0.12.X.