Authentication:

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. It involves the user proving their identity to the system by presenting valid credentials, such as a username and password. This process ensures that the user is who they claim to be. Authentication is typically achieved through methods like:

● Passwords: A combination of a username and password.
● Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Requires a second form of verification in addition to a password, such as an SMS code or a mobile app confirmation.
● Biometrics: Uses physical characteristics like fingerprints or facial recognition for identification.

Authorization:

Authorization is the process of determining what an authenticated user or system is allowed to do. After authentication is successful, authorization defines what resources or actions the user has permission to access or perform. Authorization is usually managed through:

● Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Grants access rights based on user roles within the system.
● Permissions: Provides access to specific files, databases, or functionalities based on predefined permissions.

Authentication: Verifies identity - "Who are you?"
Authorization: Grants permissions - "What can you do?"

Both processes are crucial for maintaining security and typically work together to protect systems and data.