🔄 Function — Load balancers distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers to prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed, ensuring efficient resource use and reducing response times.

⚙️ Types — There are several types of load balancers, including hardware, software, virtual, network, application, global server, DNS, and cloud-based load balancers, each catering to different needs and environments.

📊 Algorithms — Load balancing algorithms can be static or dynamic. Static algorithms like round-robin distribute traffic evenly without real-time adjustments, while dynamic algorithms like least connection consider server health and load.

🌐 Public vs. Private — Public load balancers use public IPs and are accessible from the internet, while private load balancers use private IPs for internal network traffic, providing an additional layer of security.

🔍 Monitoring — Load balancers continuously monitor server health and reroute traffic away from unhealthy servers, ensuring high availability and reliability.

Types of Load Balancers

🖥️ Hardware Load Balancers — These are physical devices that distribute network traffic across servers. They are robust but can be expensive and less flexible.

💻 Software Load Balancers — These are applications that perform load balancing functions and can be installed on servers, offering flexibility and cost-effectiveness.

🌐 Virtual Load Balancers — These combine the software of a hardware load balancer running on a virtual machine, providing a balance between performance and flexibility.

📡 Network Load Balancers — Operating at the transport layer, they distribute traffic based on IP protocol data and can handle millions of requests per second.

🗺️ Global Server Load Balancers — These distribute traffic across geographically dispersed servers to optimize performance and availability.

☁️ Cloud-based Load Balancers — Offered by cloud providers as managed services, they provide scalability and ease of use.

Load Balancing Algorithms

🔄 Round Robin — A static algorithm that distributes requests sequentially across servers, ensuring even distribution without real-time adjustments.

⚖️ Least Connection — A dynamic algorithm that sends requests to the server with the fewest active connections, optimizing load distribution based on current server load.

⏱️ Least Response Time — Directs traffic to servers with the fewest active connections and fastest response times, improving efficiency.

📊 Weighted Algorithms — These assign different weights to servers based on their capacity, allowing more capable servers to handle more traffic.

🔢 Source IP Hash — Generates a hash value from the client's IP address to determine server assignment, ensuring consistent routing for repeat requests.

Public vs Private Load Balancers

🌍 Public Load Balancers — Use public IP addresses and are accessible from the internet, requiring additional security measures like firewalls.

🔒 Private Load Balancers — Use private IP addresses and are accessible only within a virtual network, providing an extra layer of security.

🔄 NAT Gateway — Public load balancers often require a Network Address Translation gateway to ensure reachability between the load balancer and its backends.

🔗 Connectivity — Private load balancers require clients to be within the same virtual network or connected via VPN for access.

🛡️ Security — Public load balancers need robust security configurations to protect against internet-based threats.

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