NLP Terminology in 5 Minutes
Tomer Ben David
Posted on December 25, 2017
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Weights and Vectors | |
| TF-IDF | Each word weight is higher the more a word appears in a doc and not in corpus (other docs), as the word is special to our doc, it's weight in our doc is higher! TF-IDF is abbreviation for Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency |
| length(TF-IDF, doc) | num of distinct words in doc, for each word number in vector. |
| Word Vectors | Calculate word vector: for each word w1 => for each 5 window words, make vectors increasingly closer, v[w1] closer v[w2] king - queen ~ man - woman // wow it will find that for you! You can even download ready made word vectors |
| Google Word Vectors | You can download ready made google trained vector words |
| Text Structure | |
| Part-Of-Speech Tagging | word roles: is it verb, noun, …? it's not always obvious |
| Head of sentence | head(sentence) most important word, it's not nessesaraly the first word, it's the root of the sentence the most important word she hit the wall => hit . You build a graph for a sentence and it becomes the root. |
| Named entities | People, Companies, Locations, …, quick way to know what text is about. |
| Sentiment Analysis | |
| Sentiment Dictionary | love +2.9, hated: -3.2, "I loved you but now I hate you" => 2.9 - 3.2 |
| Sentiment Entities | Is it about the movie or about the cinema place? |
| Sentiment Features | Camera/Resolution , Camera/Convinience |
| Text Classification | Decisions, Decisions: What's the Topic, is he happy, native english speaker? Mostly supervised training: We have labels, then map new text to labels |
| Supervised Learning | We have 3 sets, Train Set, Dev Set, Test Set. |
| Train Set | |
| Dev(=Validation) Set | Tuning Parameters (and also to prevent overfitting), tune model |
| Test Set | Check your model |
| Text Features | Convert documents to be classified into features, bags of words word vectors, can use TF-IDF |
| LDA | Latent Dirichlecht Allocation: LDA(Documents) => Topics Technology Topic: Scala, Programming, Machine Learning Sport Topic: Football, Basketball, Skateboards (3 most important words) Pick number # of topics ahead of time like 5 topics Doc = Distribution(topics) probability for each topic Topic = Distribution(words) technology topic higher probably over cpu word Unsupervised, what topics patterns are there. Good for getting the sense what the doc is about. |
| Machine Reading | |
| Entity Extraction | EntityRecognition(text) => (EntityName -> EntityType) ("paul newman is a great actor") => [(PaulNewman -> Person)] |
| Entity Linking | EntityLinking(Entity) => FixedMeaning EntityLinking("PaulNewman") => "http://wikipedia../paul_newman_the_actor" (and not the other paul newman based on text) |
| dbpedia | DB for wikipedia, machines can read it its a db. Query DBPedia with SparQL |
| FRED (lib) / Pikes | FRED(natural-language) => formal-structure |
| Resources |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcOH_2UxwRg https://tinyurl.com/word-vectors |
💖 💪 🙅 🚩
Tomer Ben David
Posted on December 25, 2017
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