In the previous post, we covered what to put inside a .gitconfig file to supercharge git. We have discussed some basic aliases, but you can do much more than simple ci = commit type of stuff. You can define whole functions that will help you with mundane tasks. Here are some of mine:

1. Squashing commits

squash = "!f(){ git reset --soft HEAD~${1} && git commit --edit -m\"$(git log --format=%B --reverse HEAD..HEAD@{1})\"; };f"

This is my favorite one. Let me explain why. I often work on a feature and when I’m done, I write a nice commit message to summarize what I just did only to notice that some tests are not working. So, I fix them, and I create another commit. It’s finally over. Except that I forgot to document one function. Another commit. Arghh, I made a typo in the documentation. And so on. Once I’m really done, I have my beautifully described commit and then a bunch of other less-pretty commits on top of it. Here is where the squash function comes in. If I have five commits that I want to turn into one commit, I’m running git squash 5. It will combine all five commits into one and open a text editor with all five commit messages that I can edit. Once I save and exit the editor, I end up with only one, pretty commit describing my feature. Brilliant!

2. Merge pull request

mpr = "!f() { \
        declare currentBranch=\"$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)\"; \
        declare branch=\"${2:-$currentBranch}\"; \
        if [$(printf \"%s\" \"$1\" | grep '^[0-9]\\+$' > /dev/null; printf $?) -eq 0 ]; then \
            git fetch origin refs/pull/$1/head:pr/$1 && \
            git checkout -B $branch && \
            git rebase $branch pr/$1 && \
            git checkout -B $branch && \
            git merge --ff-only pr/$1 && \
            git branch -D pr/$1; \
        fi \
    }; f"

This one looks complicated, but it’s actually quite useful if you are a maintainer of a project on GitHub. There are two ways you can call it: git mpr 123 or git mpr 123 master. The first version will merge pull request number 123 on top of the current branch. The second will merge pull request number 123 on top of the branch called master. If you are using GitHub, you can easily merge a pull request using the web interface, but if you want a bit more control over how you are merging the pull requests (for example, I’m using the git merge --ff-only option, while GitHub will use git merge --no-ff), or you just want to merge a bunch of pull requests without leaving your terminal - this function will help you.

Note : For now, it only supports GitHub. I will need to find a way to make a similar alias for GitLab, as I’ve started using it more often.

3. Checkout pull request

copr = "!f() { git fetch -fu ${2:-origin} refs/pull/$1/head:pr/$1 && \
               git checkout pr/$1; }; f"

Sometimes, just reading the code of a pull request (or merge request, as GitLab calls them) might not be enough to verify if it should be merged. Maybe you want to add something, or some tests are failing, and you want to run them locally on your computer. Thanks to Ned Batchelder’s blog, I found an easy way to do this. The copr function will download the pull request from the remote repository to your computer as a new branch. There are two ways you can use it: git copr 123 or git copr 123 remote_repo. The first one will download pull request number 123 from remote repository called upstream. The second one will download the same pull request, but this time from a remote repository called remote_repo.

Note: Again, only supports GitHub.

4. Delete merged local branches

bclean = "!f() { git branch --merged ${1-master} | grep -v " ${1-master}$" | xargs -r git branch -d; }; f"

This function will delete all local branches that have been merged to the master branch. You can specify a different branch than master as an argument (if, for some reason, your main development branch is called differently). I’m using this function because I never remember to delete my local branches when they get merged and at some point, I’m getting lost in dozens of branches that I end up with.

5. Temporarily ignore a file

ignore = update-index --assume-unchanged
unignore = update-index --no-assume-unchanged
ignored = !git ls-files -v | grep "^[[:lower:]]"

One way to exclude some files from version control is to add that file to the .gitignore file. But maybe you want to ignore a file only temporarily. For that case, I’m using those three functions. The first one will make git ignore a given file or directory (so even if you make changes to that file, it won’t show up as modified when you call git status). The second one will stop ignoring that file. And the last one will show you a list of ignored files.

6. Show all aliases

aliases = config --get-regexp alias

Even though I’m trying to use names that are easy to remember, sometimes I forget how a given function was called. And when I do, I can just call git aliases to see the list of all aliases defined in my .gitconfig file.

7. Ignore repeated git

git = !exec git

This one is an interesting curiosity that I found on the Caius Theory blog. Imagine you start typing git, then you get distracted for a moment, but when you go back to the terminal, you continue typing git status. But, by mistake you end up with git git status. If this happens to you often, then the above alias can help. It will simply ignore repeated git commands, so a command like git git git git status will execute exactly in the same way as git status does.