Performing system operations is a crucial part of managing a Linux system. Here are some essential commands for handling

System Operations in Linux

ps: Display currently active processes

• Basic usage:

  $ ps

• Show all processes for all users:

  $ ps aux

top: Real-time Process Monitoring

• Basic usage:

  $ top

• Some key commands while top is running:
  • q: Quit top
  • u: Show processes for a specific user
  • k: Kill a specific process

kill: Terminate Processes

• Basic usage (using process ID):

  $ kill [process_id]

• Send a specific signal to a process (e.g., sending the SIGKILL signal):

  $ kill -[signal] [process_id]

For example, to send the SIGKILL signal:

```bash
$ kill -9 [process_id]
```

shutdown: Shutdown or restart the system

• Shutdown immediately:

  $ shutdown -h now

• Reboot immediately:

  $ shutdown -r now

• Shutdown with a message:

  $ shutdown -h +10 "System will shutdown in 10 minutes"

This will shut down the system in 10 minutes and broadcast the provided message to all logged-in users.

Understanding these system operation commands is essential for effectively managing and maintaining a Linux system.