What is Metaprogramming

Metaprogramming is one of those words that seems to exist to scare people.

However, it’s actually quite easy to understand if you look past the scary name.
So Are we talking about programming beyond programming?
Or Programming in the next dimension?

Actually, ruby metaprogramming is a set of coding techniques that allow us to get the results we need with less code.

Ruby support for metaprogramming starts by allowing our code to stay well informed about what’s going on around it.

With a little bit of effort, we can write Ruby programs that know when a new class is created, or when a method gets called, and even when the application is about to exit.
And of course, all this knowledge would be so much trivia if our program couldn’t do anything about it.

Fortunately, Ruby programs can do all sorts of things.
They can decide that there are still just a few details to take care of before the application exits.
they can even reprogram themselves. yes!

So Metaprogramming allows programs to create methods on the fly instead of having to define them in the program itself.

Basic Examples of Metaprogramming

We are going to start with an example from the Ruby on Rails framework, as it is one of the most popular open-source projects that use Ruby metaprogramming.

Imagine that we have created a database table for users that have columns such as name email etc.
And Of course, Rails doesn’t know what columns that we are going to have for the user database.
Then how exactly does the method find_by_email work when the method wasn’t actually defined by us or the framework?

Actually, Rails dynamically creates methods based on the column names in our database.
So the method is never defined, instead, it is generated on the fly by leveraging the metaprogramming technique.

Another Example of Metaprogramming is Monkey Patching

Yep, weird name I know!
Monkey patching is an object-oriented technique that allows us to open up classes and add or alter built-in behavior.

let's have an example with the string class

class String
def self.greet
"Hello Everyone!"  
end  
end  

Now we can use this method on the String class,

String.greet
=> "hello everyone!"

Here is a great article explaining monkey patching please check it out to have a better understanding of such a powerful technique, MonkeyPatching

Also, it's important to mention that Ruby provides us with many of powerful tools.
However, just because a tool is powerful, does not make it the right tool for the job. as it also provides us with tons of built-in methods ready for us to use.

Summary

This is just the tip of the iceberg.
Some of the most used gems in Rails were built in this way,
such as RSpec and ActiveRecord.
And having a good understanding of Ruby Metaprogramming is very helpful in understanding what those gems are doing exactly which makes us more productive and spend less time fixing bugs.

I hope this article can get you a bit closer to understanding metaprogramming and you have enjoyed the reading as I have enjoyed the writing.

Reference eloquentruby