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Scrape ResearchGate All Authors, Researchers in Python

dmitryzub

Dmitriy Zub ☀️

Posted on May 27, 2022

Scrape ResearchGate All Authors, Researchers in Python

What will be scraped

image

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge scraping with CSS selectors

If you haven't scraped with CSS selectors, there's a dedicated blog post of mine about how to use CSS selectors when web-scraping that covers what it is, pros and cons, and why they're matter from a web-scraping perspective and show the most common approaches of using CSS selectors when web scraping.

Separate virtual environment

If you didn't work with a virtual environment before, have a look at the dedicated Python virtual environments tutorial using Virtualenv and Poetry blog post of mine to get familiar.

Reduce the chance of being blocked

There's a chance that a request might be blocked. Have a look at how to reduce the chance of being blocked while web-scraping, there are eleven methods to bypass blocks from most websites.

📌Note: if you'll be using this code snippet without proxies, the requests will be blocked in a short period of time. Scraping with proxies large amount of data is a way to go.

Install libraries:

pip install parsel playwright
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Full Code

from parsel import Selector
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import json


def scrape_researchgate_profile(query: str):
    with sync_playwright() as p:

        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True, slow_mo=50)
        page = browser.new_page(user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.64 Safari/537.36")

        authors = []
        page_num = 1

        while True:
            page.goto(f"https://www.researchgate.net/search/researcher?q={query}&page={page_num}")
            selector = Selector(text=page.content())

            for author in selector.css(".nova-legacy-c-card__body--spacing-inherit"):
                name = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__title a::text").get()
                thumbnail = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__image img::attr(src)").get()
                profile_page = f'https://www.researchgate.net/{author.css("a.nova-legacy-c-button::attr(href)").get()}'
                institution = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__stack-item:nth-child(3) span::text").get()
                department = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__stack-item:nth-child(4) span").xpath("normalize-space()").get()
                skills = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__stack-item:nth-child(5) span").xpath("normalize-space()").getall()
                last_publication = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__info-section-list-item .nova-legacy-e-link--theme-bare::text").get()
                last_publication_link = f'https://www.researchgate.net{author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__info-section-list-item .nova-legacy-e-link--theme-bare::attr(href)").get()}'

                authors.append({
                    "name": name,
                    "profile_page": profile_page,
                    "institution": institution,
                    "department": department,
                    "thumbnail": thumbnail,
                    "last_publication": {
                        "title": last_publication,
                        "link": last_publication_link
                    },
                    "skills": skills,
                })

            print(f"Extracting Page: {page_num}")

            # checks if next page arrow key is greyed out `attr(rel)` (inactive) -> breaks out of the loop
            if selector.css(".nova-legacy-c-button-group__item:nth-child(9) a::attr(rel)").get():
                break
            else:
                # paginate to the next page
                page_num += 1


        print(json.dumps(authors, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))

        browser.close()


scrape_researchgate_profile(query="coffee")
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Code explanation

Import libraries:

from parsel import Selector
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import json
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Code Explanation
parsel to parse HTML/XML documents. Supports XPath.
playwright to render the page with a browser instance.
json to convert Python dictionary to JSON string.

Define a function and open a playwright with a context manager::

def scrape_researchgate_profile(query: str):
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        # ...
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Code Explanation
query: str to tell Python that query should be an str.

Lunch a browser instance, open new_page with passed user-agent:

browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True, slow_mo=50)
page = browser.new_page(user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.64 Safari/537.36")
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Code Explanation
p.chromium.launch() to launch Chromium browser instance.
headless to explicitly tell playwright to run in headless mode even though it's a defaut value.
slow_mo to tell playwright to slow down execution.
browser.new_page() to open new page. user_agent is used to act a real user makes a request from the browser. If not used, it will default to playwright value which is None. Check what's your user-agent.

Add a temporary list, set up a while loop, and open a new URL:

authors = []

while True:
    page.goto(f"https://www.researchgate.net/search/researcher?q={query}&page={page_num}")
    selector = Selector(text=page.content())
    # ...
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Code Explanation
goto() to make a request to specific URL with passed query and page parameters.
Selector() to pass returned HTML data with page.content() and process it.

Iterate over author results on each page, extract the data and append to a temporary list:

for author in selector.css(".nova-legacy-c-card__body--spacing-inherit"):
    name = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__title a::text").get()
    thumbnail = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__image img::attr(src)").get()
    profile_page = f'https://www.researchgate.net/{author.css("a.nova-legacy-c-button::attr(href)").get()}'
    institution = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__stack-item:nth-child(3) span::text").get()
    department = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__stack-item:nth-child(4) span").xpath("normalize-space()").get()
    skills = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__stack-item:nth-child(5) span").xpath("normalize-space()").getall()
    last_publication = author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__info-section-list-item .nova-legacy-e-link--theme-bare::text").get()
    last_publication_link = f'https://www.researchgate.net{author.css(".nova-legacy-v-person-item__info-section-list-item .nova-legacy-e-link--theme-bare::attr(href)").get()}'

    authors.append({
        "name": name,
        "profile_page": profile_page,
        "institution": institution,
        "department": department,
        "thumbnail": thumbnail,
        "last_publication": {
            "title": last_publication,
            "link": last_publication_link
        },
        "skills": skills,
    })
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Code Explanation
css() to parse data from the passed CSS selector(s). Every CSS query traslates to XPath using csselect package under the hood.
::text/::attr(attribute) to extract textual or attribute data from the node.
get()/getall() to get actual data from a matched node, or to get a list of matched data from nodes.
xpath("normalize-space()") to parse blank text node as well. By default, blank text node is be skipped by XPath.

Check if the next page is present and paginate:

# checks if the next page arrow key is greyed out `attr(rel)` (inactive) -> breaks out of the loop
if selector.css(".nova-legacy-c-button-group__item:nth-child(9) a::attr(rel)").get():
    break
else:
    page_num += 1
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Print extracted data, and close browser instance:

print(json.dumps(authors, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))

browser.close()

# call the function
scrape_researchgate_profile(query="coffee")
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Part of the JSON output:

[
  {
    "name": "Marina Ramón-Gonçalves", # first profile
    "profile_page": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marina-Ramon-Goncalves?_sg=VbWMth8Ia1hDG-6tFnNUWm4c8t6xlBHy2Ac-2PdZeBK6CS3nym5PM5OeoSzha90f2B6hpuoyBMwm24U",
    "institution": "Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM)",
    "department": "Reciclado de materiales",
    "thumbnail": "https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/845010970898442-1578477723875_Q64/Marina-Ramon-Goncalves.jpg",
    "last_publication": {
      "title": "Extraction of polyphenols and synthesis of new activated carbon from spent coffe...",
      "link": "https://www.researchgate.netpublication/337577823_Extraction_of_polyphenols_and_synthesis_of_new_activated_carbon_from_spent_coffee_grounds?_sg=2y4OuZz32W46AWcUGmwYbW05QFj3zkS1QR_MVxvKwqJG-abFPLF6cIuaJAO_Mn5juJZWkfEgdBwnA5Q"
    },
    "skills": [
      "Polyphenols",
      "Coffee",
      "Extraction",
      "Antioxidant Activity",
      "Chromatography"
    ]
  }, ... other profiles
  {
    "name": "Kingsten Okka", # last profile
    "profile_page": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kingsten-Okka?_sg=l1w_rzLrAUCRFtoo3Nh2-ZDAaG2t0NX5IHiSV5TF2eOsDdlP8oSuHnGglAm5tU6OFME9wgfyAd-Rnhs",
    "institution": "University of Southern Queensland ",
    "department": "School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences",
    "thumbnail": "https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/584138105032704-1516280785714_Q64/Kingsten-Okka.jpg",
    "last_publication": {
      "title": null,
      "link": "https://www.researchgate.netNone"
    },
    "skills": [
      "Agricultural Entomology",
      "Coffee"
    ]
  }
]
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dmitryzub
Dmitriy Zub ☀️

Posted on May 27, 2022

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