1. Feedforward Neural Network (FNN):

   • The simplest type of artificial neural network where connections between the nodes do not form a cycle.
   • Information moves in one direction, from input nodes, through hidden nodes (if any), to output nodes.
   • Often used for tasks like pattern recognition and classification.

2. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN):

   • Specialized for processing grid-like data, such as images.
   • Consists of convolutional layers that automatically and adaptively learn spatial hierarchies of features.
   • Commonly used in image and video recognition, as well as natural language processing tasks.

3. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN):

   • Designed to recognize patterns in sequences of data, such as time series or natural language.
   • Uses loops to allow information to persist, making it suitable for tasks like language modeling and speech recognition.
   • Variants include Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, which address the vanishing gradient problem.

4. Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN):

   • Uses radial basis functions as activation functions.
   • Typically consists of an input layer, a single hidden layer with a non-linear RBF activation function, and a linear output layer.
   • Used for function approximation, time series prediction, and control tasks.

5. Autoencoder:

   • Unsupervised learning model designed to learn efficient codings of input data.
   • Consists of an encoder to compress the data and a decoder to reconstruct it.
   • Variants include Denoising Autoencoders (to handle noisy inputs) and Variational Autoencoders (for generating data).

6. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN):

   • Consists of two networks, a generator and a discriminator, that compete with each other.
   • The generator creates fake data, while the discriminator evaluates its authenticity.
   • Commonly used for generating realistic images, data augmentation, and other creative applications.

7. Modular Neural Network:

   • Comprises multiple independent networks (modules) that perform sub-tasks and collectively contribute to the final output.
   • Each module operates independently, and their outputs are integrated for the final decision.
   • Used for complex tasks that can be decomposed into simpler sub-tasks.

8. Sequence to Sequence Model (Seq2Seq):

   • Uses two RNNs (or their variants like LSTMs) for encoding and decoding sequences.
   • Commonly used in machine translation, where an input sequence (sentence) in one language is transformed into an output sequence (sentence) in another language.

9. Graph Neural Network (GNN):

   • Designed to work with graph-structured data.
   • Each node in the graph can pass information to its neighbors, capturing the dependencies among nodes.
   • Used in tasks like social network analysis, recommendation systems, and molecular chemistry.

10. Transformer Network:

    • Uses self-attention mechanisms to process sequential data, allowing for parallelization and handling long-range dependencies.
    • Forms the basis for many state-of-the-art models in natural language processing, such as BERT, GPT, and T5.

Each type of neural network has its strengths and is suited for specific types of tasks and data. The choice of network type depends on the problem at hand and the nature of the input data.