Introduction
Knee injuries are among the most frequent complaints addressed in physiotherapy, especially in athletes and active individuals. The Varus Stress Test is a fundamental tool to evaluate lateral knee stability and identify potential ligament injuries. This blog will cover the indications for the test, detailed steps, and practical applications, making it feel like you’re reading concise PDF notes. For quick access, download the PDF version via this link.
Understanding the Varus Stress Test
The Varus Stress Test is a clinical procedure used to evaluate the stability of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee. By applying a varus force to the knee, physiotherapists can assess whether the LCL or other lateral structures are compromised.

Anatomy of the Knee Relevant to the Varus Stress Test
To understand the test, it’s crucial to recognize the lateral components of the knee:
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Stabilizes the outer side of the knee.
Capsule and Associated Structures: Play a supporting role in lateral stability.
Joint Line and Meniscus: Involved in differential diagnosis during knee assessments.
Indications for the Varus Stress Test
The Varus Stress Test is indicated in several clinical situations:
Suspected LCL Injury
The test is vital when a patient reports lateral knee pain or instability, especially after a twisting injury.
Post-Trauma Assessment
It helps identify ligament damage after direct trauma to the inner knee or leg.
Chronic Instability
For patients with recurring knee instability during lateral movements, the test provides critical insights.
Differentiation of Knee Pathologies
When combined with other tests, the Varus Stress Test helps rule out or confirm meniscal or capsular injuries.
Steps to Perform the Varus Stress Test
Preparation
Explain the procedure to the patient to alleviate anxiety.
Position the patient supine on an examination table.
Execution
At 0 Degrees Flexion:
Place one hand on the lateral aspect of the knee and the other on the ankle.
Apply a varus (inward) force.
At 20-30 Degrees Flexion:
Repeat the varus force application to better isolate the LCL.
Observation
Positive Test: Excessive lateral opening compared to the opposite knee suggests LCL injury.
Negative Test: Indicates the lateral structures are likely intact.
Positive vs. Negative Test Results
Positive Results: Imply potential LCL damage, posterolateral capsule involvement, or other lateral structural injuries.
Negative Results: Suggest the absence of significant lateral instability but do not rule out subtle ligament laxity.
Clinical Relevance of the Varus Stress Test
This test is a quick, reliable, and cost-effective method for evaluating lateral knee stability. However, it works best when used alongside other diagnostic tools for comprehensive knee assessment.
Other Knee Assessment Tests to Consider
Valgus Stress Test: To evaluate the medial collateral ligament (MCL).
McMurray Test: For assessing meniscal injuries.
Anterior Drawer Test: To diagnose anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Common Conditions Diagnosed Using the Varus Stress Test
Lateral collateral ligament injuries
Posterolateral corner injuries
Lateral knee instability
Tips for Accurate Test Results
Use a consistent force to ensure reliable results.
Compare findings with the contralateral knee.
Document findings meticulously for further reference.
Download the Free PDF Guide
Simplify your clinical practice with our free PDF guide on the Varus Stress Test. Access detailed instructions and notes here.
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Conclusion
The Varus Stress Test is an indispensable tool for evaluating lateral knee stability and diagnosing ligament injuries. Incorporating this test into your practice, combined with continuous learning through physio CPD courses, ensures you stay equipped to provide the best care. Don’t miss out on advancing your skills—explore comprehensive CPD courses for physiotherapists today!

FAQs
What is the main indication for the Varus Stress Test?
To evaluate the integrity of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the knee.
Can the test be performed on post-surgery knees?
Yes, but always consult post-operative protocols before performing.
How reliable is the Varus Stress Test?
It is highly effective for assessing LCL injuries but should be used with other diagnostic methods for accuracy.
What if the patient experiences severe pain during the test?
Discontinue the test immediately and consider alternative diagnostic methods.
Where can I find free CPD physiotherapy courses?
Visit Physiotherapy Online for a variety of free CPD physiotherapy courses.