React is an immensely popular JavaScript library in the world of web development. In the core of React there are two important concepts: props and components. The understanding of React props and components is crucial for developers to be able to create reusable and interactive user interfaces, allowing the creation of efficient, dynamic apps.

In React, props pass data between components. In javascript terms, they can be considered parameters like function arguments. They are immutable, props flow from parent components to child components.

In this example there is a parent component called 'ParentComponent' that renders a child component called 'ChildComponent'. It passes a prop named 'message from parent to child, it is defined in the parent component.

class ParentComponent extends React.Component {
  render() {
    const message = "Hello, world!";
    return <ChildComponent message={message} />;
  }
}

In the child component, 'message' can be accessed as a prop:

class ChildComponent extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <p>{this.props.message}</p>;
  }
}

The child component can now use the prop value from the parent component and render it dynamically.

React components are the fundamental building blocks that encapsulate reusable and independent UI elements. Two types of components exist: functional components and class components.

Functional components are written as JavaScript functions, making them concise and straightforward. Here's an example:

const FunctionalComponent = (props) => {
  return <p>{props.message}</p>;
};

The ability of React is displayed when props and components work together. Props facilitate data transmission, while components allow the structure and functionality for rendering said data. This synthesis allows developers to build modular and adaptable applications.

React props and components are important to understand in order to construct interactive and modular web applications. Props allow data transfer, while components provide the structure for rendering. Utilizing props and components, developers can construct reusable, flexible, and scalable code. The relationship between these concepts are vital in being able to implement React efficiently.