Hi everyone,

The concept of the closure is one of the tougher concepts for me when I first started learning JavaScript in depth. If you are new to the concept, a closure is essentially a function bundled together with its surrounding state, which typically includes variables that the closure needs. A closure is typically a function within a larger function, which serves as a "bubble." All the variables within this larger function bubble are only accessible by methods in the closure.

The JavaScript engine is smart enough to realize that the variables are needed, so the engine's garbage collector does not obliterate them.

Below is a quick example of an object with four functions that are actually closures.

get, set, increment, and reset. They all act on a variable called count, which sits within the immediately invoked function expression (IIFE) holding the closure.

Each function, which comes bundled with its surrounding environment, is a closure.

• the get method will simply get the count value.

• the set method sets the count value to any value we want.

• the increment method will increment the existing value by the amount passed in as a parameter. If no value is passed in, it increments the value by 1.

• the reset method resets the value to zero.

These methods are the only way the user can access the count value. In this way, the use of a closure causes the count value to act in a similar way to that of a private variable in a Java object; it cannot be accessed outside the object, so methods are required to retrieve its value or update it.

In the demo, you will see that an init method grabs some references to the HTML elements we print to and then calls all the methods. Take a look at how they are called and see if you can understand what causes these particular values to be printed out.

I hope this quick post gives you a solid idea of what closures are about. Thanks for reading!

Elsewhere

For a tutorial on closures with an easy on-ramp, check out JavaScript Closures and Their Scope Bubbles on Medium.