tldr; official python docs

Unlocking the door to knowledge requires the right keys: curiosity, persistence, and a sprinkle of passion. Learning isn't a task, it's an adventure waiting to be embraced.

Python being one of the most used language in programming is surprisingly one of the easiest to learn as well.

Before we start, we need to set you up with your Python interpreter as well as the IDE you will be using.

Installation

Windows Users

Go to https://www.python.org/downloads/ and find the version that fits you (or is required for your project/company). If you are looking for the latest version then the Download Python 3.12.0 is all you need to get started.

After downloading the setup you need to install it on your PC.
I recommend checking the checkbox that asks you to add python to PATH variable.

Linux Users

Python is already installed in Linux but usually it's the Python2 instead of the new Python3
Although, you can use the terminal to install the latest version as well. on Ubuntu it is.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.12

MAC Users

In general, the Mac OS x systems have already installed a version of python, which can be used.
Use this official website to download python.

Python Releases for macOS | Python.org

The official home of the Python Programming Language

python.org

If you want another, you can use brew.

brew install pyenv
pyenv install 3.12.0

NOTE: Most of the time you don't really need to use the terminal to install python and you can get away with it using the python.org website itself.

Which IDE?

IDK Just use whatever you like...
Personally, I use VSCode. Don't ask why. I just use it.
If you really are serious about Python then maybe it's better to choose a good IDE from the start and use that and learn its shortcuts since shortcuts help you speed up your productivity a lot than what you think it does.
Following are some of the IDEs out there.

• Visual Studio Code
  

  Visual Studio Code - Code Editing. Redefined

  Visual Studio Code is a code editor redefined and optimized for building and debugging modern web and cloud applications.  Visual Studio Code is free and available on your favorite platform - Linux, macOS, and Windows.

  code.visualstudio.com
• Pycharm
  

  PyCharm: the Python IDE for data science and web development

  The Python IDE for data science and web development with intelligent code completion, on-the-fly error checking, quick-fixes, and much more.

  jetbrains.com
• Spyder
  spyder-ide.org
• Thonny
  thonny.org

Reading Material

Official Python Documentation

Nothing is as good as the documentation of python itself. It is slow paced and teaches everything there is in python properly.

The Python Tutorial — Python 3.12.3 documentation

Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has efficient high-level data structures and a simple but effective approach to object-oriented programming. Python’s elegant syntax an...

docs.python.org

Python Playground

Maybe you are not into just plain text reading and you want some practice while you learn. For that you can use the following link. It has a playground feature where you can practice with an online interpreter as well.
https://www.learnpython.org/
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Lecture Material

YouTube

YouTube is filled with multiple videos that teaches you python, Some being 12 hours long while some takes only 100 seconds. Personally i recommend looking into this

Paid Courses

One of the best paid python Specialization out there.

Python for Everybody Specialization [5 courses] (UMich) | Coursera

Offered by University of Michigan. Learn to Program and Analyze Data with Python. Develop programs to gather, clean, analyze, and visualize ... Enroll for free.

coursera.org

Further Advancing in Python

Python is all about its library so learning how to use in-built libraries is a plus. I will recommend you to learn libraries like asyncio, math, datetime, time, hashlib, itertools, functools and unittest can greatly help you with your Competitive Programming or open source career.

Refer to the following link for official documentation on in-built libraries.

Learn how to install external libraries using pip from here.

Installing Python Modules — Python 3.12.3 documentation

Email, distutils-sig@python.org,. As a popular open source development project, Python has an active supporting community of contributors and users that also make their software available for other...

docs.python.org

Something quite important when it comes to programming is learning how about Data Structures and Algorithm. Although, I won’t recommend python for CP.

Practice Practice Practice...

Without practice you won’t be able to remember what you learnt. You can look into GitHub for open-source projects to contribute into to improve your documentation and unit testing skills or you can look into the following websites to practice via problem questions.

Codewars: Good for both beginners as well as professionals. The website is filled with many questions and you can practice and get better in python using the website.

CodeBat: Code practice website. Quite basic but gets the job done.

I personally don’t recommend leetcode or hackerrank until you have completed DSA.

After all this, the journey in python isn’t still completed. There is a lot to learn even now. Mainly domain specific libraries.

I am a python developer with over 4 years of experience. You can find me here