As a coder, you should always be looking to expand your knowledge. The best way to do this is by learning different coding languages and frameworks.

I myself am a Javascript and Python fullstack developer and like most self-taught developers, I started by learning HTML, CSS and Javascript first.

Eventually I learned Python and found it very useful. Python is great for handling backend data and creating simple scripts like web-scrapers.

If you're nervous about learning Python, remember that Python is a high level programming language. This means it is around the same level of difficulty to learn as Javascript.

I would even argue it is easier to learn than javascript, and the transition from Javascript to python much smoother than the other way round.

In this tutorial, I'll outline the main differences between the two coding languages.

Set Up

Firstly, make sure Python is installed on your machine before you start.

You can check this by running this command in your terminal:

python3 --version

Alternatively, you can use a sandbox to test Python code.

Methods

The methods used in python and javascript are named differently.

Here are some examples of this:

In javascript:

"Hello World".length; // Length of a string
arr.push("new string"); // Add new item to end of array
arr.sort((a, b) => a - b); // Sort an array

In python:

len("Hello world") # Length of a string
arr.append("new string") # Add new item to end of list
arr.sort() # Sort a list

As you can see, the differences aren't huge and you of course don't need to remember all of them.

Here are some useful links for you to reference:

Output

When you want to log something in the terminal or browser. Just change console.log to print!

In javascript:

console.log("hello world");

In python:

print("hello world")

Comments

When leaving a comment or commenting something out change // to #:

In javascript:

// javascript comment

/* multiline
javascript
comment */

In python:

"""Python comment"""

# Multi
# Line
# Comment

Variables

There are a couple difference between Javascript and Python variables.

• Javascript use camel casing and Python use snake casing.
• const, let and var for javascript. Cases for python.

In Javascript:

var myExample = "hello world"; // global variable
let myExample = "hello world"; // scope variable
const myExample = "hello world"; // unchangeable variable (scope)

In Python:

my_example = "hello world" # basic variable
MY_EXAMPLE = "hello world" # Red flag to not change

Note: In python, every variable is mutable. There is no real way to prevent this. When writing code in python, changing the case of the variable can signal to other programmers that the variable should not be changed.

List and Arrays

There are a few differences between Javascript and Python arrays.

• What we refer to as arrays in Javascript are called lists in Python.
• Javascript use camel casing and Python use underscores.
• const, let and var are used in javascript. Cases are used in python.

In Javascript:

const myList = [4, 5, 6];

In Python:

my_list = [1, 3, 5]

Functions

Javascript uses curly braces {} and function (or an arrow function):

function foo(str) {
  console.log(str);
}

const foo = (str) => console.log(str);

Python uses def followed by a colon : for their functions:

def foo(str):
    print(str)

If Statements

Javascript uses curly braces {} and parenthesis () for each condition separated by a else if or else:

if (condition1) {
  console.log("condition 1 met");
} else if (condition2) {
  console.log("condition 2 met");
} else {
  console.log("else condition");
}

Python just uses colons : after each condition and an indented code block. Statements are separated by a elif and else:

if condition_one:
  print("condition 1 met")
elif condition_two:
  print("condition 2 met")
else:
  print('else condition')

Logical Operators

When declaring conditions, we use the following:

In Javascript:

if (condition1 || condition2) // or
if (condition1 && condition2) // and
if (!condition) // is not

In Python:

if condition1 or condition2 # ||
if condition1 and condition2 # &&
if not condition ## !condition

For Loop

In Javascript, you are required to declare a variable and increment it using the for loop.

In Python we replace that logic with in range(x).

In Javascript:

for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  console.log(i);
}

in Python:

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

If you want to access an object or item in an Array:

In Javascript:

for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
  console.log(arr[i]);
}

In Python:

for obj in arr:
    print(obj)

Types

Primitive data types represent the fundamental values that we can work with in a programming language. JavaScript has 6 types and Python has 4 types:

• JavaScript data types: undefined, Boolean, String, Number, BigInt, and Symbol.

• Python data types: Integers (int), Floats (float), Booleans (bool), and strings (str).

To check types in javascript:

type(instance)

To check types in python:

typeof instance;

Imports

Importing files are pretty similar, you just have to swap the order of import and from.

In Javascript:

import React from "react";

In Python:

from django.db import models

Classes

Javascript uses curly braces {} and Python uses colons :.

In JavaScript, the constructor method is called constructor and it has a parameters list as well.

In Python, the constructor that initialises the new instance is called __init__. This method is called automatically when an instance of the class is created to initialise its attributes. It's parameters list defines the values that we have to pass to create the instance. This list starts with self as the first parameter.

Class format

In Javascript:

class Person {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }
}

In Python:

class Person:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age

Assign value to a Class

In Javascript:

this.attribute = value;

In Python:

self.attribute = value

Create Class Instance

In Javascript:

personOne = new Person("John", 18);

In Python:

person_one = Person("John", 18)

Summary

The goal of this tutorial is to show the subtle differences between javascript and python. The best way to learn is practice. Try rewriting some of your basic javascript functions in python.

A good way to practice is trying solve a few problems in python on Code Wars.

Thanks for reading and Good Luck!