This is the third and final part of the series on Using Istio, a Service Mesh, with Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS). In the last two articles, we discussed various topics. These include what Service Mesh is, what Istio is, what technologies we used, the prerequisites and architecture overview, reviewed the Terraform code used to deploy the AWS resources and successfully deployed the Terraform Code to AWS. We also installed the the Istio CLI tool, istioctl, ran the "configure.sh" script to configure the Flux Repository, and installed Flux to the Amazon EKS cluster. Finally, we reviewed the Addons and Applications managed by Flux, discussed the Istio Components and Addons used by Istio, and reviewed how Istio works with Applications and Microservices.

In this final and third article, we will cover the following topics.

• Access the Applications managed by Flux
• Demonstrate how Istio works
• Review the Istio Addons
• Clean up apps and infrastructure

You can access the code in my GitHub Repository.

Access Applications managed by Flux

Let's access the Applications managed by Flux. Retrieve the public_base_domain_name specified in the "locals.tf" when you ran Terraform earlier.

Access Bookinfo App

For the Bookinfo App, you can access the Bookinfo URL "https://bookinfo./productpage" in your favorite web browser.

Access Podinfo App

For the Podinfo App, you can access the Podinfo URL "https://podinfo." in your favorite web browser.

Access Istio Addons

Let's access the Istio Addons before we demonstrate how Istio works. Retrieve the public_base_domain_name specified in the "locals.tf" when you ran Terraform earlier.

Access Kiali Dashboard

To access the Kiali Dashboard, follow these steps.

1. Access the Kiali URL "https://kiali." in your favorite web browser.

   

2. Generate and retrieve token by running the following command
   

   kubectl -n istio-system create token kiali-service-account
   

   

3. Copy and paste the generated token from above to the Kiali Login page.

   

4. Log into the Kiali Dashboard.

   

Access Grafana Dashboard

To access the Grafana Dashboard, follow these steps.

1. Access the Kiali URL "https://grafana." in your favorite web browser.

1. Log into Grafana with the following username and password.

• Username: admin
• Password: Grafana&Git0ps

Demonstrate how Istio works

Now that we know how to access the Applications let's demonstrate how Istio works. We will send several requests to the Bookinfo and Podinfo applications by running curl commands from the terminals or shells. We will do this to simulate enough traffic for Istio and the Istio Addons to capture the network traffic so the dashboards in Kiali and Grafana can display correctly.

Populate Data for Kiali and Istio Dashboards in Grafana

1. Retrieve the public_base_domain_name specified in the "locals.tf" when you ran Terraform earlier.

2. Open two separate terminals or shells.

NOTE: Run these commands as often as you want to populate the data in Kiali and Grafana.

1. Run the following command in the first terminal or shell to send traffic to the Bookinfo application. Replace with the actual domain name.
   

   for i in {1..720}; do curl -s -o /dev/null "https://bookinfo.<public_base_domain_name>/productpage" ; done
   

2. In the second terminal or shell, run the following command to send traffic to the Podinfo application. Replace with the actual domain name.
   

   for i in {1..720}; do curl -s -o /dev/null "https://podinfo.<public_base_domain_name>" ; done
   

It will take 4 to 5 minutes for the above commands to finish.

Access and Review Data in Kiali Dashboard

While the commands above run, re-access the Kiali Dashboard and review the data.

1. Let's change the time range to the last 10 minutes by clicking in the upper right corner of the web page. Click on "Last 1m" to "Last 10m".

   

2. Click on "Graph" on the left side of the Kiali Dashboard.

   

3. Click on "Select Namespaces" and choose "bookinfo".

   

   

4. Click anywhere on the Kiali Dashboard, and you should see something similar.

   

5. Click on "Display" and select "Response Time" and "Security".

   

6. Click anywhere on the Kiali Dashboard again, and you should see the response times and a little green lock on each connection.

   

7. Click on "productpage v1" on the Kiali Graph Dashboard, and you should see something like this. It will display information on the right-hand side of the Dashboard, such as Traffic and Traces.

   

8. Let's add the podinfo namespace to the Kiali Graph Dashboard. Click Namespace again and then podinfo. After selecting, you should see something like this.

   

9. Feel free to explore other parts of the Kiali Dashboard. The Kiali Dashboard pulls its data from Prometheus, Grafana, and Jaeger.

Access Istio Dashboards in Grafana

Let's re-access the Grafana Dashboards for Istio and review the data. For details on what each Istio Dashboard does, click here.

NOTE: If the data is not showing in the Grafana Dashboards for Istio, re-run the commands from above to populate data for Bookinfo and Podinfo again.

1. Change to the Istio Dashboards in Grafana by clicking on Home in the upper left of the Grafana home page

   

2. Click on Dashboards

   

3. Hover over Istio and then click "Go to folder".

   

4. Istio Dashboards should now appear.

   

5. Click on Istio Mesh Dashboard In Grafana. This dashboard provides a global view of all services and applications used in the Service Mesh.

   

6. Let's navigate to the Istio Service Dashboard by clicking on Istio in the upper left-right next to "Home > Dashboards > Istio" and then click "Istio Service Dashboard".

   

   

   

7. Click on service on the Istio Service Dashboard and change to "productpage.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local" service and then expand General, Client Workloads, and Service Workloads sections.

   

8. Review the General, Client Workloads, and Service Workloads sections. In the Client Workloads and Service Workloads sections, you can see that mutual TLS (mTLS) is enabled and working correctly.

   

9. Feel free to explore other parts of the Istio Dashboards in Grafana.

Clean Up

Clean up Applications managed by Flux from Kubernetes

1. Suspend Applications managed by Flux
   

   flux suspend source git flux-system
   flux suspend kustomization apps flux-system \
     monitoring-controllers monitoring-configs
   

2. Delete Applications managed by Flux
   

   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/apps/base/bookinfo/config.yaml
   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/apps/base/bookinfo/cert_request.yaml
   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/apps/base/podinfo/config.yaml
   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/apps/base/podinfo/cert_request.yaml
   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/apps/base/bookinfo/release.yaml
   flux delete helmrelease -s podinfo
   flux delete helmrelease -s -n monitoring loki-stack
   flux delete helmrelease -s -n monitoring kube-prometheus-stack
   

3. Wait 1 to 5 minutes for Applications to be removed from Kubernetes

4. Delete Application sources managed by Flux
   

   flux delete source helm -s podinfo
   flux delete source helm -s -n monitoring grafana-charts
   flux delete source helm -s -n monitoring prometheus-community
   

5. Verify Applications are removed
   

   kubectl -n bookinfo get all
   kubectl -n istio-ingress get ingresses bookinfo-ingress
   kubectl -n podinfo get all
   kubectl -n istio-ingress get ingresses podinfo-ingress
   kubectl -n monitoring get all
   

Clean up Infrastructure Applications managed by Flux from Kubernetes

1. Suspend Infrastructure Applications managed by Flux
   

   flux suspend kustomization infra-apps
   

2. Delete Infrastructure Applications managed by Flux
   

   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/infrastructure/apps/kiali/config.yaml --force=true --grace-period=0
   kubectl delete -f ./k8s/infrastructure/apps/kiali/cert_request.yaml
   kubectl patch kiali kiali -n istio-system -p '{"metadata":{"finalizers": []}}' --type=merge
   kubectl delete kiali --all --all-namespaces
   kubectl delete jaegers.jaegertracing.io -n observability jaeger
   flux delete helmrelease -s kiali
   flux delete helmrelease -s jaeger-operator
   kubectl delete crd kialis.kiali.io
   

3. Wait 1 to 5 minutes for Kubernetes Addons to be removed from Kubernetes

4. Delete Application sources managed by Flux
   

   flux delete source helm -s jaegertracing
   flux delete source helm -s kiali
   

5. Verify Kubernetes Addons were removed successfully
   

   kubectl -n kiali-operator get all
   kubectl -n observability get all
   kubectl -n istio-ingress get ingresses kiali-ingress
   

6. If any resources are not deleted, manually delete them.

Clean up Kubernetes Addons managed by Flux from Kubernetes

1. Suspend Kubernetes Addons managed by Flux
   

   flux suspend kustomization infra-configs infra-controllers
   

2. Delete Kubernetes Addons managed by Flux
   

   flux delete helmrelease -s aws-load-balancer-controller
   flux delete helmrelease -s cert-manager
   flux delete helmrelease -s cluster-autoscaler
   flux delete helmrelease -s external-dns
   flux delete helmrelease -s istio-base
   flux delete helmrelease -s istiod
   flux delete helmrelease -s istio-ingressgateway
   flux delete helmrelease -s metrics-server
   

3. Wait 1 to 5 minutes for Kubernetes Addons to be removed from Kubernetes

4. Delete Application sources managed by Flux
   

   flux delete source helm -s cert-manager
   flux delete source helm -s cluster-autoscaler
   flux delete source helm -s eks-charts
   flux delete source helm -s external-dns
   flux delete source helm -s istio
   flux delete source helm -s jetstack
   flux delete source helm -s metrics-server
   

5. Verify Kubernetes Addons were removed successfully
   

   kubectl -n kube-system get all -l app.kubernetes.io/name=external-dns
   kubectl -n kube-system get all -l app.kubernetes.io/name=aws-load-balancer-controller
   kubectl -n kube-system get all -l app.kubernetes.io/name=aws-cluster-autoscaler
   kubectl -n cert-manager get all
   kubectl -n istio-ingress get ingresses kiali-ingress
   kubectl -n istio-ingress get all
   kubectl -n istio-system get all
   kubectl get ingressclasses -l app.kubernetes.io/name=aws-load-balancer-controller
   

6. If any resources are not deleted, manually delete them.

Uninstall Flux from Kubernetes

1. Uninstall Flux
   

   flux uninstall -s
   

2. Verify Flux was removed successfully
   

   kubectl get all -n flux-system
   

Clean up Terraform

1. Navigate to the root of the directory of the GitHub repo and run the following commands
   

   cd terraform
   
   terraform destroy
   

2. Check Terraform destroy results

   

Conclusion

In conclusion, this guide provided a comprehensive overview of utilizing Istio, a service mesh, and Amazon EKS. A service mesh is an essential infrastructure component that enhances communication and operational capabilities within a microservices architecture. Istio, as a leading service mesh implementation, provides a robust set of features for traffic management, security, and observability without heavy lifting from developers. Istio works seamlessly with Amazon EKS, as EKS supports Kubernetes natively, and Istio is designed to work with Kubernetes-managed services. Users can leverage Istio within EKS to manage microservices traffic, enforce security policies, and observe communication patterns between services, all while taking advantage of the managed Kubernetes environment that EKS provides. This combination allows for a powerful, scalable, and secure system for managing microservices at scale.