Manual testing is the process of manually executing test cases without the use of external testing tools or scripts. In manual testing, testers execute test cases step by step to identify defects, and ensure that the software functions correctly, and meets its requirements.

• Testers follow predefined test cases and execute them manually, step by step, to verify the behavior of the software application.

• Manual testing often involves assessing the user experience, including usability, accessibility, and overall user satisfaction.

• Testers document their test results, including defects found, steps performed, and any other relevant information to developers and product owners.

• Manual testing also involves regression testing, where testers retest the software after modifications to ensure that existing functionalities have not been affected.

Manual testing Benefits:

• Manual testing doesn't require extensive setup or scripting, making it easy to start testing immediately. Testers can quickly adapt to changing requirements and perform testing as needed.

• Manual testing can be more cost-effective for small projects or projects with frequently changing requirements. Setting up and maintaining automated tests can be time-consuming and expensive, making manual testing a more practical option for some scenarios.

*Manual testers can apply their creativity, and domain knowledge to uncover complex defects that automated tests might miss.

Manual testing Drawbacks:

• Manual testing can be time-consuming, especially for repetitive tasks. Testers must execute test cases step by step, which can slow down the testing process and increase the time to release the software.

• Manual testing may not be suitable for large-scale or complex projects due to its reliance on manual effort. As the size and complexity of the project increase, the time and resources required for manual testing also increase significantly, making it impractical compared to automated testing.

• Manual testing may not scale well to accommodate growing testing needs or frequent software updates. As the software evolves, manual testers may struggle to keep up with the demand for testing, leading to delays in the testing process.