Overview

You can create a virtual environment of Python like nvm by installing pyenv and pipenv.

pyenv is the version manager of Python(≒ nvm).

pipenv is the library manager of Python.
This manages installed libraries for each directories(projects) because the libraries installed via pipenv are installed in ~/.virtualenvs/<YOUR_DIRECTORY_NAME>-<UUID>.
<YOUR_DIRECTORY_NAME>-<UUID> directory is automatically generated when pipenv installs a library in the directory.

Getting started

Steps (ja)

1. Install pyenv

brew install pyenv

pyenv | github.com

2. Add the paths to $PATH to be able to activate pyenv command and manage python versions with it

You need to add the following lines to .zprofile or .zshrc etc...

# Add .pyenv/bin to $PATH to be able to run pyenv command anywhere
export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"

# Add .pyenv/shims to $PATH to switch python versions with pyenv command
eval "$(pyenv init -)"

How to manage your python virtualenvs with Pipenv
Pipenv Installation
Where does pipenv install a package (ja)

3. Install a python version

# Show the list of version available for installation
pyenv install -l

# Install the version
pyenv install <version> # ex: pyenv install 3.12.0

# Show the list of installed version
pyenv versions

4. Set the python version in the local directory

The python version is managed by .python-version file created after the command.

# Set the version in local
pyenv local <version>

# Show the current python version
pyenv version

# Check whether python command is activated
python -V

5. Install pipenv

Pipfile (≒ package.json) is created after the installation command.

brew install pipenv

# Set the same python version as pyenv
pipenv --python <version>

pipenv | github.com

6. Install a package and create a virtual environment

When a package is installed for the first time in your current directory, ~/.virtualenvs/<YOUR_DIRECTORY_NAME>-<UUID> directory is created and then the package is installed there.

# Add the package information to **Pipfile** and **Pipfile.lock** (be created if it doesn't exist)
pipenv install <PACKAGE_NAME>

# Uninstall
pipenv uninstall <PACKAGE_NAME>

7. Activate a virtual environment

You need to enter the virtual environment created above to use the installed packages.

# Activate the local directory's environment
# You can exit from it by entering `exit` if you want do
pipenv shell

# Activate the environment and run a command
pipenv run <COMMAND> # pipenv run python main.py

pipenv run <COMMAND> means to run pipenv shell and then run <COMMAND>.

pipenv run <command>

Other commands

# Show the path of the virtual environment (directory)
pipenv --venv

# Remove the local virtual environment with the whole installed packages
pipenv --rm