const array1 = [1, 4, 9, 16];

// pass a function to map
const map1 = array1.map(x => x * 2);

console.log(map1);
// expected output: Array [2, 8, 18, 32]

Syntax :

let new_array = arr.map(function callback( currentValue[, index[, array]]) {
    // return element for new_array
}[, thisArg])

callback  - a required function which takes in currentValue, index, the array as parameters
currentValue  -  required parameter. This is the current value of the item in the array
index  -  optional parameter. This is the index of the item that is selected
array  -  optional parameter. This is the array on which map function gets executed.

let numbers = [1, 4, 9]
let sum = numbers.map(function(num) {
    let add = 5;
    add += num
    return add;
})
// sum is now     [6, 9, 14]
// numbers is still [1, 4, 9]

let kvArray = [{key: 1, value: 10}, 
               {key: 2, value: 20}, 
               {key: 3, value: 30}]

let reformattedArray = kvArray.map(obj => {
   let rObj = {}
   rObj[obj.key] = obj.value
   return rObj
})
// reformattedArray is now [{1: 10}, {2: 20}, {3: 30}], 

// kvArray is still: 
// [{key: 1, value: 10}, 
//  {key: 2, value: 20}, 
//  {key: 3, value: 30}]

let arr = ["We", "Are", "Bros", 4]
let filteredArr = numbers.map(function(item, index) {
  if (index < 3) {
     return item
  }
})
// index goes from 0, so the filterNumbers are 1,2,3 and undefined.
// filteredArr is ["We", "Are", "Bros", undefined]
// numbers is still ["We", "Are", "Bros", 4]