Boundary Value Analysis-

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a software testing technique that focuses on testing values at the edges of boundaries of valid input domain. As erorrs are always occur at the boundaries of input ranges. BVA is commonly used in both functional and non-functional testing.

Example of Boundary Value Analysis-

Let's consider a system that accepts input for the age of a user, and the valid range for age is defined as 15 to 96.

There can be multiple test cases in this scenerio-

1. Minimum valid input Test case- 15
2. Just below the lower band Test case- 14
3. Just upper the upper band Test case- 97
4. Maximum Valid input Test case- 96
5. Middle of the range Test case- 65

The idea behind Boundary Value Analysis is to test not only the valid inputs but also values that are on the boundaries of valid and invalid ranges.
This technique is not limited to numeric values; it can be applied to any input field where there are defined boundary, such as date ranges, text lengths, and more.

Decision Table Testing with Example-

This is the technique used in software testing that a system behaves correctly under different conditions.
The decision table is a matrix that shows all possible combinations of inputs and their possible outputs.

Let's consider a simple example of decision table for a traffic light control system.

The system has two input conditions-

One is the colour of lights(Red, Yellow, Green) second one is the presence of pedestrian(Yes, No) .

The system has two options whether to change the traffic light condition or open the pedestrian system.

Use case testing with example-

Use case testing is the black box testing technique that focuses on validating the system functionality based on specified use case.
It helps that the systems meets the requirement and perform as expected in all the scenarios.
Let's take an example of an online shopping system-

Use Case- Place Order

Actor- Customer
Goal- Place an order for goods

Main Success Scenario:

a. Customer logs in to the system.
b. Customer browses products and adds items to the shopping cart.
c. Customer reviews the shopping cart.
d. Customer proceeds to checkout.
e. Customer provides shipping information.
f. Customer provides payment information.
g. Customer confirms the order.
h. System processes the order and sends a confirmation to the customer.

LCSAJ Testing with example-

Large conditional statement and jump is a white box testing technique that focusses on getting different paths within a program. The goal is to ensure that all possible conditions within these structure are tested at least once.

Example-

Consider a simple program that checks the eligibility of a person for voting based on their age and citizenship status. The program has below conditions:

a. If the person is at least 18 years old and is a citizen, they are eligible to vote.
b. If the person is between 16 and 18 years old (inclusive) but not a citizen, they are eligible for pre-voting registration.
c. If the person is under 16 years old, they are not eligible.