In the fast-paced world of system administration and DevOps, automation reigns supreme. Deploying a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack manually can be time-consuming and error-prone. Hence, crafting a reusable and readable Bash script for automating this process not only saves time but also ensures consistency and ease of maintenance for future deployments. Let's embark on a journey to develop a powerful Bash script that automates the deployment of a LAMP stack, including cloning a PHP application from GitHub, installing necessary packages, and configuring Apache web server and MySQL.

`#!/bin/bash

Function to handle errors

handle_error() {
echo "Error: $1" >&2
exit 1
}

Update Linux system

sudo apt update -y || handle_error "Failed to update the system."

Install Apache web server

sudo apt install apache2 -y || handle_error "Failed to install Apache web server."

Add PHP ondrej repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php --yes || handle_error "Failed to add PHP repository."

Update repository again

sudo apt update -y || handle_error "Failed to update repository."

Install PHP 8.2 and necessary extensions

sudo apt install php8.2 php8.2-curl php8.2-dom php8.2-mbstring php8.2-xml php8.2-mysql zip unzip -y || handle_error "Failed to install PHP and extensions."

Enable rewrite module for Apache

sudo a2enmod rewrite || handle_error "Failed to enable rewrite module for Apache."

Restart Apache server

sudo systemctl restart apache2 || handle_error "Failed to restart Apache server."

Install Composer globally

cd /tmp || handle_error "Failed to change directory to /tmp."
sudo curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer || handle_error "Failed to install Composer globally."

Change directory to /var/www and clone Laravel repository

if [ -d /var/www/laravel ]; then
echo "Deleting existing Laravel directory"
sudo rm -r /var/www/laravel
else
echo "Creating Laravel directory"
fi
sudo mkdir /var/www/laravel
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/laravel
cd /var/www/ || handle_error "Failed to change directory to /var/www/."
sudo git clone https://github.com/laravel/laravel.git laravel || handle_error "Failed to clone Laravel repository."

Set permissions

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/laravel || handle_error "Failed to set permissions."

Install Composer dependencies

cd /var/www/laravel || handle_error "Failed to change directory to /var/www/laravel."
composer install --optimize-autoloader --no-dev --no-interaction || handle_error "Failed to install Composer dependencies."
composer update --no-interaction || handle_error "Failed to update Composer dependencies."

Copy .env file and set permissions

sudo cp .env.example .env || handle_error "Failed to copy .env file."
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data storage bootstrap/cache || handle_error "Failed to set permissions."

Configure Apache Virtual Host

sudo tee /etc/apache2/sites-available/latest.conf > /dev/null <
ServerName localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/laravel/public

<Directory /var/www/laravel>
    AllowOverride All
</Directory>

ErrorLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/laravel-error.log
CustomLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/laravel-access.log combined

EOF

Enable the new Virtual Host and disable the default one

sudo a2ensite latest.conf || handle_error "Failed to enable new Virtual Host."
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf || handle_error "Failed to disable default Virtual Host."

Restart Apache server

sudo systemctl restart apache2 || handle_error "Failed to restart Apache server."

Install MySQL server and client

sudo apt install mysql-server mysql-client -y || handle_error "Failed to install MySQL server and client."

Start MySQL service

sudo systemctl start mysql || handle_error "Failed to start MySQL service."

Update .env file with MySQL configuration

sudo cp .env.example .env
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/laravel/.env
echo "APP_URL=http://localhost

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD= " >> /var/www/laravel/.env

Generate Laravel application key

sudo php artisan key:generate || handle_error "Failed to generate application key."

Create symbolic link for storage

sudo php artisan storage:link || handle_error "Failed to create storage symbolic link."

Migrate database

sudo php artisan migrate

Seed database

sudo php artisan db:seed

Serve page

sudo php artisan serve

Restart Apache server

sudo systemctl restart apache2

echo "Setup completed successfully!"`

Let's break down what each section of this script accomplishes: