Back-end development is an essential aspect of web development that plays a crucial role in the functionality of a website or web application.

Front end: the things you can see as a user.
Backend: everything else.

So in order to talk about backend development, let's revisit what front-end development is, it's the practice of creating user interfaces that are flexible and make it easy for a user to interact with data.

The back-end refers to the server-side of a website, which is responsible for handling data, performing business logic, and interacting with databases and APIs.

Server-side scripting 🌐

One of the most important topics in back-end development is server-side scripting. Server-side scripting is the process of writing code that runs on the server and generates dynamic content for the website. Some popular server-side scripting languages include PHP, Ruby, Python, and Node.js. These languages allow developers to access databases, perform calculations, and generate HTML or JSON to send to the client.

Databases 💾

Another important topic in back-end development is databases. Databases are used to store and retrieve data for a website or application. They can be used to store user information, content, and other data. There are many different types of databases, including SQL databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL, and NoSQL databases like MongoDB and Cassandra. Each type has its own advantages and use cases, and it is important for back-end developers to understand how to interact with them.

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) ⚙️

Finally, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are another critical topic in back-end development. APIs allow different systems to communicate with each other, and they are often used to connect a website or application to external services, such as social media platforms, payment processors, and other third-party services. Back-end developers need to understand how to create and consume APIs, as well as how to secure them to protect sensitive data.

Backend development is a practice of creating those plugs into the data, oftentimes called an application program interface or API. I honestly like to think of the backend as like a panel of plugs, where each plug returns a massaged subset of the data, and the panel itself hides away all the complexity of fetching from and updating to the database. Unlike front-end development, back-end isn't specific to any one platform, in fact it serves as more like a foundation that supports whatever platforms sit on top of it.

So what's in the stack?📚

Well usually it involves two types of languages: one is a server-side programming language that helps build the API itself - commonly used are Python Java Ruby PHP and javascript.
And the second is a SQL language to actually fetch the data from the database. And what are the important factors and skills for working in back-end development? One is to have the architectural skills for making well-organized, extensible, and testable code.

A big part of back-end is organizing logic and data ,so those skills allow for writing code with speed and quality. And the second is to communicate clearly with front-end developers - there's a myth that back-end developers don't need to know anything about users (which is wrong by the way). Back-end developers are a big part of allowing users do what they need to do to get done, so it's a joint effort between front-end developers and back-end developers to write code.

Conclusion 🎁

In conclusion, back-end development is an essential part of web development that deals with the server-side of a website or application. Back-end developers are responsible for writing server-side code, interacting with databases, and creating and consuming APIs. A strong understanding of server-side scripting, databases, and APIs is crucial for any back-end developer looking to build robust and secure web applications.

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