Both Axios and Fetch are popular tools for making HTTP requests in JavaScript, but they have some key differences. Here’s a breakdown:

Axios

Built-in Features: Axios comes with many built-in features like automatic JSON transformation, request and response interceptors, and cancellation of requests.
Browser Compatibility: It supports older browsers, including Internet Explorer.
Error Handling: Axios automatically rejects promises for HTTP error statuses (like 404 or 500), making error handling simpler.
Request/Response Interceptors: You can easily modify requests or responses globally.
Cancel Requests: Axios provides an easy way to cancel requests.

Fetch

Native API: Fetch is a native web API, meaning you don’t need to install any additional libraries.
Promise-Based: It uses Promises, but you need to manually check the response status for errors.
Stream Handling: Fetch supports streaming, which can be useful for handling large responses.
More Control: You have more control over requests, but it requires more boilerplate code for features like setting defaults or intercepting requests.
No Built-in Support for JSON: You need to call .json() on the response object to parse JSON data.

Use Cases

Use Axios if you need a rich feature set out of the box, especially for complex applications.
Use Fetch for simpler use cases or when you want to avoid external dependencies.
Example Usage

Axios:

axios.get('/api/data')
  .then(response => console.log(response.data))
  .catch(error => console.error(error));

// axios
const options = {
  url: 'http://localhost/test.htm',
  method: 'POST',
  headers: {
    'Accept': 'application/json',
    'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
  },
  data: {
    a: 10,
    b: 20
  }
};
axios(options)
  .then(response => {
    console.log(response.status);
  });

Now compare this code to the fetch() version, which produces the same result:

fetch('/api/data')
  .then(response => {
    if (!response.ok) {
      throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
    }
    return response.json();
  })
  .then(data => console.log(data))
  .catch(error => console.error(error));

// fetch()

const url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos";
const options = {
  method: "POST",
  headers: {
    Accept: "application/json",
    "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
  },
  body: JSON.stringify({
    a: 10,
    b: 20,
  }),
};
fetch(url, options)
  .then((response) => response.json())
  .then((data) => {
    console.log(data);
  });

Notice that:

To send data, fetch() uses the body property for a post request to send data to the endpoint, while Axios uses the data property
The data in fetch() is transformed to a string using the JSON.stringify method
Axios automatically transforms the data returned from the server, but with fetch() you have to call the response.json method to parse the data to a JavaScript object
With Axios, the data response provided by the server can be accessed within the data object, while for the fetch() method, the final data can be named any variable

Conclusion

Both have their strengths, and the choice often comes down to your specific needs and preferences. If you're building a larger application with many API interactions, Axios might save you some hassle, while Fetch is great for straightforward tasks.

Axios offers a user-friendly API that simplifies most HTTP communication tasks. However, if you prefer using native browser features, you can definitely implement similar functionalities yourself with the Fetch API.

As we've explored, it’s entirely feasible to replicate the essential features of Axios using the fetch() method available in web browsers. The decision to include a client HTTP library ultimately depends on your comfort level with native APIs and your specific project requirements.

For more information: https://blog.logrocket.com/axios-vs-fetch-best-http-requests/