Introduction:
Logic gates are electronic devices that perform logical operations on one or more binary inputs to produce a binary output. They are the "decision-makers" of digital circuits.

AND Gate
The AND gate outputs '1' (true) only when all its inputs are '1'. It represents the logical AND operation.

OR Gate
The OR gate outputs '1' if at least one input is '1'. It represents the logical OR operation.

NOT Gate
The NOT gate, also called an inverter, flips the input. If the input is '1', it outputs '0', and vice versa.

XOR Gate
The XOR gate (exclusive OR) outputs '1' when the number of '1's in the inputs is odd. It's often used in binary addition.

NAND and NOR Gates
NAND and NOR gates are like AND and OR gates with inverted outputs. NAND is AND followed by NOT, while NOR is OR followed by NOT.

Real-World Applications:
Logic gates are the foundation of all digital devices, from smartphones to computers. They enable calculations, memory storage, and data processing.

Conclusion:
Understanding logic gates is key to comprehending digital electronics. They form the backbone of the technology that surrounds us.