Imagine you have two class of images, Class_A & Class_B.

Now, you need a custom dataset with train set and test set for training and validation of our image data.

We are going to use Keras for our Dataset generation.

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Steps in creating the directory for images:

1. Create folder named data
2. Create folders train and validation as subfolders inside folder data.
3. Create folders class_A and class_B as subfolders inside train and validation folders.
4. Place 80% class_A images in data/train/class_A folder path.
5. Place 20% class_A imagess in `data/validation/class_A folder path.
6. Place 80% class_B images in data/train/class_B folder path.
7. Place 20% class_B imagess in data/validation/class_B folder path.

Directory structure.

Steps to do in code.

1, Imports.
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
from keras.layers import Activation, Dropout, Flatten, Dense
2, Initialize variables as follow
# image dimensions, set as per your preference.
img_width, img_height = 150, 150

train_data_dir = 'data/train'
validation_data_dir = 'data/validation'

set the following parameters as per your preference

batch_size = 10
nb_train_samples = 800
nb_validation_samples = 200
epochs = 40
3, Augmentation configuration for train set

train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
rescale=1. / 255,
shear_range=0.2,
zoom_range=0.2,
horizontal_flip=True)
4, Augmentation configuration for test set

# rescaling
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255)

5, Now, use the flow_from_directory() method in ImageDataGenerator class to generate a data generator from image files in a directory.

train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(
train_data_dir,
target_size=(img_width, img_height),
batch_size=batch_size,
class_mode='binary')

validation_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(
validation_data_dir,
target_size=(img_width, img_height),
batch_size=batch_size,
class_mode='binary')

6, Build an image classifier model, a sequential CNN architecture with relu as hidden neurons activation function and sigmoid as output neuron activation function.
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))

model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))

model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3)))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))

model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(64))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(1))
model.add(Activation('sigmoid'))

7, Compile the model as follows
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
optimizer='rmsprop',
metrics=['accuracy'])

8, Now use fit() method to fit your train set, validate your image dataset and calculate steps_per_epoch & validation_steps by doing a floor division of steps_per_epoch=nb_train_samples // batch_size validation_steps=nb_validation_samples // batch_size.
model.fit(
train_generator,
steps_per_epoch=nb_train_samples // batch_size,
epochs=epochs,
validation_data=validation_generator,
validation_steps=nb_validation_samples // batch_size)

Reference :

Keras Image data preprocessing

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