1. What happens when you try to divide a number by 0 in JavaScript?

• If we divide with positive number by zero then it will return infinity.
• If we divide with zero by zero it will returns undefined.
• If we divide with negative number by zero then it will returns -infinity.

2. What is the difference between a traditional for loop and "for each" loop in JavaScript?

• The for loop that will use three optional expressions to implement the repeated execution of a code block.

Syntax

for (initialexpression; condition; updateexpression) {
    // for loop body
}

1. initialExpression : it declares variables and executes only once.
2. condition : it checks the condition, if the condition is false then loop will terminate and the condition is true then block of code inside of the for loop is executed.
3. updateexpression : updates the value of initialexpression when the condition is true.

Example

const n = 3;
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    console.log(`I love JavaScript.`);
}
# output: I love JavaScript.
          I love JavaScript.
          I love JavaScript.

• The forEach() method calls a function (a callback function) for each element in an array.It doesn't execute for an empty array.

Syntax

array.forEach(function(currentValue, index, arr), thisValue)

1. currentValue : It takes the current value of element.
2. index : It takes the index of current value of element.
3. arr : The array of current element.
4. thisValue : It takes defaultly undefined.A value passed to the function as its this value.

Example

let students = ['John', 'Sara', 'Jack'];
students.forEach(myFunction);
function myFunction(item, index, arr) {
    arr[index] = 'Hello ' + item;
}
console.log(students);
# output: ["Hello John", "Hello Sara", "Hello Jack"]

3. What is the difference between Null and undefined in JavaScript?

• null is a special value that represents an empty or unknown value.

Example

var test1 = null;
console.log(test1);
# output: null

• Undefined means a variable has been declared, but the value of that variable has not yet been defined.

Example

var test2;
console.log(test2);
# output : undefined

4. How to activate the strict mode and what is its use in JavaScript?

• Strict mode is declared by adding "use strict"; to the beginning of a script or a function.

Advantages

• Strict mode eliminates JavaScript silent errors by changing them to throw errors.
• Fixes mistake that make it difficult for JavaScript engine to perform better.
• Make code run faster than identical code that's not in strict mode.

5. What happens when you don't have a return statement in a function in JavaScript?

• The function will automatically returns undefined.

6. What is the UNIQUE constraint in SQL and how is it different from PRIMARY KEY?

• UNIQUE constraint checks for all the values in a column or set of columns are different or not.
• Both the UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints provide a permission for uniqueness for a column or set of columns.
• A PRIMARY KEY constraint automatically has a UNIQUE constraint.
• You can have many UNIQUE constraints per table, but only one PRIMARY KEY constraint per table.

7. What is the difference between PRIMARY KEY and FOREIGN KEY?

1. Primary key:
   • A primary key is used to ensure that data in the specific column is unique. A column cannot have NULL values.
   • Only one primary key is allowed in a table.
   • It does not allow NULL values.

2.Foreign key:

• A foreign key is a column or group of columns in a relational database table that provides a link between data in two tables.
• Whereas more than one foreign key are allowed in a table.
• It contains NULL values.

8. What is the unshift() method in JavaScript?

• It adds one or more elements in beginning of the array and returns the new array as output.

Example

const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.unshift(4, 5));
// Expected output: 5

console.log(array1);
// Expected output: Array [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]

9. In JavaScript string methods, what is the difference between charAt() and charCodeAt(), and what will happen if no arguments are provided with these methods?

• charAt() method returns the character at the specified index.

Syntax

string.charAt(index)

Example

let text = "HELLO WORLD";
let letter = text.charAt(text.length-1);
#output: D

• charCodeAt() returns Unicode value of the character at the specified Index.

Syntax

string.charCodeAt(index)

Example

let text = "HELLO WORLD";
let code = text.charCodeAt(0);
#output: 72

• If we don't pass any argument, then it will return the character and Unicode value of first character in the string respectively.

10. What is the difference between slice() and splice() in JavaScript?

• slice() : This method is used to get a new array by selecting a sub-array of a given array.

Syntax

string.slice(start, end)

Example

let text = "Hello world!"; 
let result = text.slice(3, 8);
#output: lo wo

• splice() : This method is used to add/remove an item from the given array.

Syntax

splice(start, deleteCount, item1, item2, itemN)
#start is the index from where you want to modify the array
#deleteCount is an optional parameter and refers to the number of elements to remove.

Example

let fruits = ['mango', 'banana, 'apple', 'kiwi', 'orange']
fruits.splice(2)
#output: ['apple', 'kiwi', 'orange']

11. How do we ensure any package updates for any older dependencies get reflected in the package.json file?

• No, It won't reflect on the package.json file when we update the npm version.It remains the same version in the dependencies.

12. How is atomicity achieved in a relational database?

• The entire transaction takes place at once or doesn’t happen at all.

13. What is the difference between the "for-each" loop and map method in JavaScript?

• The map() method returns a new array, whereas the forEach() method does not return a new array.
• The map() method is used to transform the elements of an array, whereas the forEach() method is used to loop through the elements of an array.
• The map() method can be used with other array methods, such as the filter() method, whereas the forEach() method cannot be used with other array methods.