#Assigning value and printing value a = 1 #using = print(a) #printing a b <- a+2 #using <- print(b) 4 -> a #using -> print(a) #printing multiple data types cat("value of a: ", a, "value of b: ", b) #check data type of variable a print(class(a)) #list all available variable at workspace print(ls()) #usually variable name start with dot are not displayed with ls() #so use this command to show them too print(ls(all.names = TRUE)) #print variable at workspace starting with 'as' print(ls(pattern = 'as')) #delete variable from workspace, a is variable rm(a) #to all variable on workspace rm(list = ls()) # Use of built in class function # class gives type of variable B=4 print(class(B)) # B is a numeric C= 5L print(paste('The type of C is',class(C))) # C is integer #adding to vectors mean array v <- c(2, 0, 4, 1) d <- c(2, 14, 0, 11) sum2 <- (v+d) print(sum2) #adding all elements of two arrays sum4 <- sum(v,d) print(sum4) #adding all elements of one array sum5 <- sum(v) print(sum5) #subtract arrays print(d-v) #multiply arrays element print(d*v) #devide elements of arrays print(d/v) #modules of two array's element print(d%%v) #reminder will be answer # print(d%/%v) #quotient will be answer #Relational Operators print(d > v) print(d < v) print(d == v) print(d >= v) print(d <= v) print(d != v) #logical operator print(d & v) print(d | v) print(!v) #Left Assignment a <- 3 a = 3 a <<- 3 #Right Assignment 3 -> a 3 ->> a #Scan value d <- 1:8 a <- 4 b <- a %in% d print(b) #Multiply matrix with its transpose ma = matrix( c(1,2,3,4,5,6), nrow = 2,ncol = 3,byrow = TRUE) #making matrix tra = ma %*% t(ma) print(tra) #to check a is integer a <- 10L #L for integer data, integer is also numeric but numeric is not integer is.integer(a) #true if a is integer is.numeric(a) #true if a is numeric is.character(a) #true if a is character #if else condition if(a<2){ print("a is less than 2") }else{ print("a is greater") } #array arr<-c(1,2,3,4,5) print(arr) #array from 1 to 4 arr<-1:4 #array from 4 to 1 arr<-4:1 #loop and continue s<-"value in v" v<-4:1 #v=4,3,2,1 array for(c in v){ #c = 4,3,2,1 values from 4 to 1 #print(s) if(c==2){ next #skipt 2 } print (c) } #repeat and break mean do-while r<-1 repeat{ #repeat print(r) if(r==6){ #until condition match break } r<-r+1 } #while w<-1 #starting value while(w<3){ #condition print(w) w<-w+1 #incrementing } #procedure a<-1 b<-2 c<-3 addThreeVlaues <- function(a, b, c){ d<-a+b+c return(d) } d<-addThreeVlaues(a,b,c) print(d) #taking input from user as string into a a<-readline() #convert string or character into integer and store into b b<- as.integer(a) #creat list of diff data types and store in list1 list1 <- list(c(11,12,13,14), "m_Sam", sin, 2) print(list1[[1]]) #printin first index data that is array print(list1[[1]][2]) #printing the 2nd element of array #fibonacci Series arr[1]<-1 arr[2]<-1 fibonacci <- function(n){ print(arr[1]) print(arr[2]) for (v in 3:n){ arr[v]<-arr[v-1]+arr[v-2] print(arr[v]) } } fibonacci(10) #creat matrix ma <- matrix(c(2,3,4,5,6,7), nrow = 2,ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE) print(ma) #factors create levels base of distinct values arr<-c('red', 'green', 'blue', '1', '1', 'red') fac<-factor(arr) print(fac) print(nlevels(fac)) #LEVELS #data frame fra <- data.frame( name = c('zahid ali', 'abdul samad', 'waleed', 'm_No1'), age = c(20, 19, 19, 25), gender = c('male', 'male', 'male', 'female') ) print(fra) #switch x <- switch( 2, #expression 'Abdul', #case1 'Samad', #case2 'Bhatti' #case3 ) print(x) #input from user in array using for loop rm(list = ls()) arr<- v <- 1:5 for (i in v) { arr[i] <- readline(prompt = "enter value: ") } #sum of all elements of one array f<-c(4,0,3,1,2) sum_G<<-sum(f) print(sum_G) #printing multiple strings a<-"Ab" b<-"Sam" c<-"Dev" print(paste(c,a,b,sep="-", collapse = "")) #Formating # Total number of digits displayed. Last digit rounded off. result <- format(23.123456789, digits = 9) print(result) # Display numbers in scientific notation. result <- format(c(6, 13.14521), scientific = TRUE) print(result) # The minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point. result <- format(23.47, nsmall = 5) print(result) # Format treats everything as a string. result <- format(6) print(result) # Numbers are padded with blank in the beginning for width. result <- format(13.7, width = 6) print(result) # Left justify strings. result <- format("Hello", width = 8, justify = "1") print(result) # Justfy string with center. result <- format("Hello", width = 8, justify = "c") print(result) #factorial factn<-function(n){ f<-1 for(i in 1:n){ f=f*i } print (f) } n=0 factn(n)

rbasics

R basics

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