These are algorithms that I consider very important, in particular for Web Development.

Web Development Algorithms

Algorithm types

• Sorting, Search, Hashing, Graph, Tree Traversal, Dynamic programming, Catching, Compression, Security.

Bonus:

• Regular Expressions for pattern matching and text processing.

• Concurrency and Asynchronous programming.

Patterns and Algorithms to focus on most for the Front-end of Web Development:

• Debounce: A Pattern technique used for search inputs or API calls where there may be a heavy usage of user inputs that can overwork the system.
• Throttle: A Pattern technique used for optimizing performance when handling continuous events. Examples: scrolling, mouse movements...
• Merge Sort: A sorting algorithm that is reliable and efficient, implemented by JavaScript as a .sort() method. Examples: Optimize data-heavy User Interfaces.
• Binary Search : searching in sorted arrays/lists. In larger datasets this is more efficient than Linear search. Example usage: search filters, autocomplete suggestions.
• Regular expressions(regex): A technique used for String validation and pattern matching. Examples: Form validations for emails and passwords, search bars, and text formatting.
• Depth-first search(DFS) and Preorder Traversal: These two recursion Tree-traversal algorithms are useful for traversing, manipulating or rendering nested components like React component trees and DOM. Example: Rendering hierarchical UIs such as menus.

Feel free to add more to this list of Web Development algorithms in the comments below! :D