Secure Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
Integrating security into every phase of the development lifecycle, from requirements to deployment.
Implement practices such as threat modeling, secure code reviews, and static code analysis.

Authentication and Authorization
Use strong authentication mechanisms (e.g., multi-factor authentication).
Implement least privilege for authorization (users only have access to what they need).
Secure API authentication (OAuth 2.0, JWT).

Input Validation and Output Encoding
Ensure all user inputs are validated to prevent common attacks like SQL injection, XSS, and command injection.
Encode outputs to avoid cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.

Data Encryption
Encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit (use TLS/SSL for data in transit and AES for data at rest).
Ensure proper key management (rotate keys regularly, store keys securely).

Security Testing and Vulnerability Scanning
Conduct regular vulnerability scans, penetration testing, and code analysis (SAST, DAST).
Use security tools (e.g., OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite) to detect vulnerabilities.

Access Control
Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and fine-grained permissions.
Use principles like Zero Trust, where no one is trusted automatically.

Secure Configuration Management
Ensure secure configuration of servers, databases, and applications.
Disable unnecessary services and ports, and keep software updated to mitigate vulnerabilities.

Logging and Monitoring
Implement detailed logging and monitoring to detect suspicious activity.
Use security information and event management (SIEM) tools for real-time alerts and responses.

Third-Party Library and Dependency Management
Regularly review and update third-party libraries to avoid vulnerabilities.
Use tools like Snyk or OWASP Dependency-Check to monitor and assess risks in dependencies.

Incident Response and Patch Management
Have a well-defined incident response plan to respond quickly to breaches or vulnerabilities.
Apply patches promptly to fix known vulnerabilities, including security patches for libraries and software.

API Security
Secure APIs by implementing rate limiting, authorization checks, and input validation.
Ensure proper API token usage and secure communication with TLS.

Secure Deployment and Cloud Security
Implement infrastructure as code (IaC) for secure and consistent deployment.
Use cloud security best practices like using security groups, IAM roles, and encryption in cloud environments.