👋 DEVs! Ever wondered how you're able to watch those hilarious cat videos, check your social media, or order a pizza without moving an inch? The magic behind all of this is the internet. Today, we're going to explore this fascinating world together, and trust me, it's going to be a fun ride!

How It All Began

Let's hop into our virtual time machine and set the dial to the 1960s. A room full of giant computers and a group of brilliant minds from the US Department of Defense. They were working on ARPANET, the ancestor of the internet, trying to create a network that could survive any disaster.

Fast forward to 1991, and we meet Tim Berners-Lee, the genius who invented the World Wide Web. He gave us the ability to share information across the globe with just a click. And just like that, the internet as we know it was born.

What the Internet Really Is?

At its core, the Internet is a collection of interconnected networks. Think of each network as a cluster of computers or nodes linked by fiber optic cables. In a broader vision, the internet is a cluster of all computers around the globe connected to each other with high-speed fiber optic cables laid by private companies and governments. These cables span oceans and connect continents, making global communication possible.

You can even see a live map of these cables on the Submarine Cable Map website, which shows how these cables stretch across the globe.

In this vast network, there are two main players: servers and clients. A server is nothing but a normal computer in the network, but unlike a regular computer, servers operate on a larger scale and are available 24/7 to respond to requests. When you browse a website, your computer (the client) fetches data from a server, allowing you to view the page.

Building Blocks of the Internet

IP Address — The Internet Protocol

Every device connected to the internet has a unique identifier called an IP address. Think of it as your computer's digital address. It ensures that data knows where to go and how to get back to you, preventing a chaotic mess of lost information.

DNS — The Domain Name System

DNS is like the contacts saved in your phone. It translates human-friendly web addresses like "google.com" into IP addresses like "142.250.182.142," which the computers understand. DNS saves you from typing long strings of numbers every time you want to visit a website. To find a website's IP address, you can use the ping command followed by the website's domain name. For example, typing "ping google.com" in the terminal will display the IP address associated with "google.com."

ISPs — The Internet Service Provider

ISPs are your ticket to the digital city. Companies like AT&T, Hathway, ACT, or Verizon provide you access to the internet for a fee, ensuring you stay connected to this vast network of information.

HTTP/HTTPS — The Hypertext Transfer Protocol

When you type a URL into your browser, you're using HTTP or its secure sibling HTTPS. These protocols define how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers should respond to various commands. HTTPS adds a layer of encryption to keep your data safe from prying eyes.

TCP/IP — Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

TCP and IP are the foundational protocols of the Internet. TCP ensures reliable communication between devices by breaking data into packets and reassembling them at the destination. IP handles addressing and routing these packets to ensure they reach the correct destination.

The Magic of the Internet

When you type a URL into your browser, your device sends a request to your Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISP connects you to the internet and forwards your request to the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates the website name into an IP address.

With the IP address in hand, your request travels through multiple routers. These routers act like traffic managers, directing the data toward its destination. When the request reaches the server hosting the website, the server processes it and sends back the necessary data for the webpage.

The returning data retraces the path through the routers, traveling back through the network to your device. Your browser then interprets the data it receives. This data typically includes HTML, which provides the structure of the webpage. The browser parses the HTML and uses it to render the content on your screen, displaying the website.

Conclusion

Exploring the inner workings of the internet reveals just how extraordinary this technology truly is. From the early days of ARPANET to the vast network of fiber optic cables connecting the world today, the internet has transformed our lives in countless ways. Whether you're watching cat videos, connecting with friends on social media, or ordering a pizza, it's all thanks to this complex and fascinating system.

Now that you have a glimpse of how it all works, you'll hopefully have a deeper appreciation for the magic that happens every time you go online.

Happy browsing! 🌐