Abstract thinking has to do with seeing the context and bigger picture surrounding an event or idea. Abstract thinkers can reflect on events and ideas and think beyond just the “here and now”.

For example, a concrete thought would be thinking about your own dog. Abstract thoughts would be thinking about dogs in general, their relationship with your dog and with you, and how dogs fit into the bigger picture of your life and the world in general.

You might already be thinking in an abstract way without even knowing it.

Thinking About Concepts

Any time you think about a non-concrete concept, that’s abstract thinking. Things like freedom and respect count — basically, anything that doesn’t have a concrete physical form is a concept that likely requires abstract thinking.

Coming Up With Theories

If you come up with a theory to explain an event, that’s abstract thinking. The theory may be based on concrete data, but it’s still conjecture, which makes it abstract.

Using Your Imagination

Even something as simple as using your imagination counts as abstract thinking. You’re thinking about things and possibilities that don’t exist in a physical form, which makes the thought abstract.

Using Metaphors and Analogies

Metaphors and analogies are another type of abstract thinking. They create relationships between two ideas that may be abstract or concrete. If they’re concrete, the act of thinking about them in relation to one another is a form of abstract thinking.

Problem Solving With Abstract Thinking: 5 Strategies

What abstract thinking can be really great for is solving tough problems, and that’s what makes it so useful for developers. Use these strategies to tap into your ability to think abstractly when you’re working on solving a problem.

1. Get Some Distance with Diffuse Thinking

One of the reasons we can get so stuck on a single problem is because we tend to get mired in the details.

So step back from the problem.

Don’t think about the detail you were stuck on. Think about the project as a whole — what is its purpose, what is your role in it, what are you and this project trying to accomplish?

If you’re having trouble getting away from the details and thinking about the project in terms of the big picture like this, try going for a walk. This triggers your brain into thinking about the problem in a diffuse way rather than with focused thought, which in itself can help inspiration to strike.

2. Reframe the Problem in a New Way

One of the simplest ways to use abstract thinking to solve a problem is to reframe the question you’re trying to answer.

For example, say you’re stuck working on a project because the question you’re asking yourself is simply, “How do I code this to complete the project?”

To get un-stuck, ask yourself questions that approach the problem from different directions, like “Why does this need to work this way?” “Can I make this simpler?” “Who is going to use this?” “What does the finished product need to be able to do?”

By asking a series of questions about the bigger picture of the project, you might stumble upon a solution that you wouldn’t have seen with a narrower view.

3. Keep Asking Why (Over and Over)

There are different levels of abstract thinking, and one way to move to higher and higher levels of abstraction is to keep asking “Why?”

• Why does your project have this feature?
• Why does it need to work this way?
• Why will the person using the finished product need that feature?

Keep asking why, and you’ll again be able to see the bigger picture surrounding the problem, rather than just the problem itself.

4. Look for Patterns

If abstract thinking is about seeing the big picture, a great way to get there is by looking for patterns in your work. Have you seen a problem like this anywhere else in your work or life? Is this problem similar to or different from problems you’ve solved before?

5. Sleep On It

When all else fails, take a break from the problem and sleep on it. Whether you just take a quick afternoon snooze or a full night’s rest, research shows that sleep can disrupt your thinking when working on a difficult problem, allowing you to reapproach the problem with fresh thoughts and reach a solution faster. Some of history’s most famous thinkers agree: Thomas Edison famously took naps in his workshop with a steel ball-bearing in each hand, so that when he fell asleep, the sound of the metal hitting the floor would wake him up, allowing him to get right back to work with fresh eyes and fresh thoughts.

Next time your reach that awful feeling of wanting to beat your head against the desk out of frustration, put these strategies to use. Abstract thinking isn’t always easy, and it doesn’t always come naturally (especially for detail-oriented people like developers tend to be).

But it’s one of the best tools you can use to tackle the toughest engineering problems, and when you’re celebrating the victory of cracking the solution, you’ll be thankful for abstract thinking.

This is a no-nonsense short version of this.